Table 3.
Effects of adjunct cognitive-behavioural therapy/motivational interviewing (CBT/MI) on decrease in alcohol consumption in comparison with treatment-as-usual control groups, and subgroup analyses of associations between effect sizes and study characteristics (Hedges's ga)
| CBT/MI versus TAU | Subgroup | n comp | g | 95% CI | I2b | Pc | NNT |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All studies | 15 | 0.17 | 0.07 to 0.28** | 0.15 | 10.42 | ||
| One effect size per study (lowest excluded) | 13 | 0.18 | 0.05 to 0.31** | 13.94 | 9.80 | ||
| One effect size per study (highest excluded) | 13 | 0.16 | 0.04 to 0.28** | 7.75 | 11.11 | ||
| Subgroup analyses | |||||||
| Type of control | TAU | 9 | 0.11 | −0.04 to 0.32 | 33.13 | 0.354 | 16.13 |
| Other treatment | 6 | 0.26 | 0.10 to 0.42** | 0 | 6.85 | ||
| Randomization | Yes | 12 | 0.15 | 0.03 to 0.28* | 12.59 | 0.310 | 11.90 |
| No | 3 | 0.30 | 0.05 to 0.55* | 0 | 5.95 | ||
| Analyses | ITT | 12 | 0.20 | 0.07 to 0.32** | 13.65 | 0.546 | 8.93 |
| CO | 3 | 0.11 | −0.04 to 0.36 | 0 | 16.13 | ||
| Recruitment | Community | 6 | 0.26 | 0.10 to 0.42** | 0 | 0.354 | 6.85 |
| Clinic | 9 | 0.14 | −0.04 to 0.32 | 33.13 | 12.82 | ||
| Population | Alcohol | 7 | 0.24 | 0.10 to 0.39*** | 0 | 0.270 | 7.46 |
| Substance use | 8 | 0.11 | −0.07 to 0.29 | 21.73 | 16.13 | ||
| Diagnoses of both conditions | Yes | 3 | 0.00 | −0.54 to 0.54 | 62.75 | 0.394 | |
| No | 12 | 0.24 | 0.12 to 0.35*** | 0 | 7.46 | ||
| Age | (young)-adult i ≥16 years | 7 | 0.25 | 0.10 to 0.40*** | 0 | 0.411 | 7.14 |
| Adult | 8 | 0.14 | −0.06 to 0.35 | 41.05 | 12.82 | ||
| Focus of treatment | Integrated | 10 | 0.15 | 0.00 to 0.33 | 21.57 | 0.699 | 11.90 |
| Single (depression or alcohol) | 5 | 0.21 | 0.05 to 0.37** | 0 | 8.47 | ||
| Patient status | In-patient | 1 | 0.33 | 0.01 to 0.64* | 0 | 0.310 | 5.43 |
| Out-patient | 14 | 0.15 | 0.04 to 0.27** | 0 | 11.90 | ||
| Individual/group | Individual | 10 | 0.23 | 0.10 to 0.39*** | 0 | 0.454 | 7.69 |
| Group | 5 | 0.11 | −0.19 to 0.40 | 56.23 | 16.13 | ||
| Digital versus face-to-face | Internet | 2 | 0.39 | −0.06 to 0.85 | 0 | 0.346 | 4.59 |
| Face-to-face | 13 | 0.16 | 0.05 to 0.28** | 6.26 | 11.11 | ||
CI = confidence interval; n comp = number of comparisons; NNT = number needed to treat; CO = completers-only analysis; ITT = intention-to-treat analysis; TAU = treatment as usual.
According to the random-effects model.
The P-values in this column indicate whether the Q-statistic is significant (I2-statistics do not include a test of significance).
The P-values in this column indicate whether the difference between the effect sizes in the subgroups is significant.
*P ≤ 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P ≤ 0.001.