b) The range of 10 to 15 mm/min could be early keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), and a result greater than 25 mm/min would be considered excessive lacrimation.
b) Furosemide is a powerful diuretic that blocks active reabsorption of sodium, chloride, and potassium in the thick ascending loop of Henle, thereby increasing urine output.
b) Phenoxybenzamine as an α-blocker would help relax the urethral sphincter.
d) Purpura hemorrhagica is an acute disease of the horse characterized by edema of the head and limbs; leukocytoclastic vasculitis; petechial hemorrhages in mucosae, musculature, and viscera; and, sometimes, glomerulonephritis. The condition usually is associated with Streptococcus equi infection of the upper respiratory tract.
d) Seasonal calving is common on cow-calf ranches since cattle graze. Seasonal calving utilizes periods of pasture growth, and to some extent, avoids calving during inclement weather, which might cause disease in neonates. Breeding is commonly by natural service in the commercial beef industry; all progeny are raised in the industry, either for slaughter at a young age (steers, heifers), or for replacement of breeding stock.
. 2014 Dec;55(12):1166.