Skip to main content
PMC home page
The Journal of Clinical Investigation logoLink to The Journal of Clinical Investigation
. 1986 Oct;78(4):947–958. doi: 10.1172/JCI112685

Immunoreactive apolipoprotein E is a widely distributed cellular protein. Immunohistochemical localization of apolipoprotein E in baboon tissues.

C T Lin, Y F Xu, J Y Wu, L Chan
PMCID: PMC423726  PMID: 3531238

Abstract

Apolipoprotein (apo)E is an important protein determinant in cholesterol homeostasis in man. The protein is synthesized by the liver as well as by a number of extrahepatic tissues. In the present study, immunohistochemical techniques were used to identify apoE in specific cells in various baboon organs. In the 11 tissues studied, the following cell types have been found to harbor apoE immunoreactivity: cerebral astrocytes; thyroid follicular cells; alveolar type II pneumocytes; hepatocytes, and Kupffer cells; adrenocortical cells in zona fasciculata and zona reticularis; adrenal medullary cells; some renal tubular epithelia; some pancreatic islet cells; histiocytic macrophages in lymph nodes and the spleen; some gastric mucosal epithelia; and ovarian oocytes. These observations indicate the wide distribution of apoE in many organs and suggest that the protein might perform other important functions such as regulation of local hormonal homeostasis in addition to its role in cholesterol metabolism.

Full text

PDF
947

Images in this article

947Image
on p.947
947Image
on p.947
948Image
on p.948
948Image
on p.948
948Image
on p.948
948Image
on p.948
949Image
on p.949
949Image
on p.949
950Image
on p.950
950Image
on p.950
950Image
on p.950
950Image
on p.950
951Image
on p.951
951Image
on p.951
951Image
on p.951
951Image
on p.951
951Image
on p.951
951Image
on p.951
952Image
on p.952
952Image
on p.952
952Image
on p.952
952Image
on p.952
953Image
on p.953
953Image
on p.953
954Image
on p.954
954Image
on p.954
954Image
on p.954
954Image
on p.954
955Image
on p.955
955Image
on p.955
955Image
on p.955
956Image
on p.956
956Image
on p.956
956Image
on p.956
957Image
on p.957
957Image
on p.957
957Image
on p.957
957Image
on p.957

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Avila E. M., Holdsworth G., Sasaki N., Jackson R. L., Harmony J. A. Apoprotein E suppresses phytohemagglutinin-activated phospholipid turnover in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Biol Chem. 1982 May 25;257(10):5900–5909. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Basu S. K., Brown M. S., Ho Y. K., Havel R. J., Goldstein J. L. Mouse macrophages synthesize and secrete a protein resembling apolipoprotein E. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Dec;78(12):7545–7549. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.12.7545. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Basu S. K., Ho Y. K., Brown M. S., Bilheimer D. W., Anderson R. G., Goldstein J. L. Biochemical and genetic studies of the apoprotein E secreted by mouse macrophages and human monocytes. J Biol Chem. 1982 Aug 25;257(16):9788–9795. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Blue M. L., Williams D. L., Zucker S., Khan S. A., Blum C. B. Apolipoprotein E synthesis in human kidney, adrenal gland, and liver. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Jan;80(1):283–287. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.1.283. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Boyles J. K., Pitas R. E., Wilson E., Mahley R. W., Taylor J. M. Apolipoprotein E associated with astrocytic glia of the central nervous system and with nonmyelinating glia of the peripheral nervous system. J Clin Invest. 1985 Oct;76(4):1501–1513. doi: 10.1172/JCI112130. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Brown M. S., Goldstein J. L. Lipoprotein receptors in the liver. Control signals for plasma cholesterol traffic. J Clin Invest. 1983 Sep;72(3):743–747. doi: 10.1172/JCI111044. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Dammacco F., Miglietta A., D'Addabbo A., Fratello A., Moschetta R., Bonomo L. Analbuminemia: report of a case and review of the literature. Vox Sang. 1980 Sep;39(3):153–161. doi: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.1980.tb01851.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Driscoll D. M., Getz G. S. Extrahepatic synthesis of apolipoprotein E. J Lipid Res. 1984 Dec 1;25(12):1368–1379. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Driscoll D. M., Schreiber J. R., Schmit V. M., Getz G. S. Regulation of apolipoprotein E synthesis in rat ovarian granulosa cells. J Biol Chem. 1985 Jul 25;260(15):9031–9038. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Elshourbagy N. A., Liao W. S., Mahley R. W., Taylor J. M. Apolipoprotein E mRNA is abundant in the brain and adrenals, as well as in the liver, and is present in other peripheral tissues of rats and marmosets. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Jan;82(1):203–207. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.1.203. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Ghiselli G., Schaefer E. J., Gascon P., Breser H. B., Jr Type III hyperlipoproteinemia associated with apolipoprotein E deficiency. Science. 1981 Dec 11;214(4526):1239–1241. doi: 10.1126/science.6795720. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Gianturco S. H., Gotto A. M., Jr, Hwang S. L., Karlin J. B., Lin A. H., Prasad S. C., Bradley W. A. Apolipoprotein E mediates uptake of Sf 100-400 hypertriglyceridemic very low density lipoproteins by the low density lipoprotein receptor pathway in normal human fibroblasts. J Biol Chem. 1983 Apr 10;258(7):4526–4533. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Hsu S. M., Raine L., Fanger H. Use of avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) in immunoperoxidase techniques: a comparison between ABC and unlabeled antibody (PAP) procedures. J Histochem Cytochem. 1981 Apr;29(4):577–580. doi: 10.1177/29.4.6166661. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Hui D. Y., Harmony J. A., Innerarity T. L., Mahley R. W. Immunoregulatory plasma lipoproteins. Role of apoprotein E and apoprotein B. J Biol Chem. 1980 Dec 25;255(24):11775–11781. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Hui D. Y., Innerarity T. L., Mahley R. W. Lipoprotein binding to canine hepatic membranes. Metabolically distinct apo-E and apo-B,E receptors. J Biol Chem. 1981 Jun 10;256(11):5646–5655. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Lin-Lee Y. C., Kao F. T., Cheung P., Chan L. Apolipoprotein E gene mapping and expression: localization of the structural gene to human chromosome 19 and expression of ApoE mRNA in lipoprotein- and non-lipoprotein-producing tissues. Biochemistry. 1985 Jul 2;24(14):3751–3756. doi: 10.1021/bi00335a050. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Lin-Lee Y. C., Tanaka Y., Lin C. T., Chan L. Effects of an atherogenic diet on apolipoprotein E biosynthesis in the rat. Biochemistry. 1981 Oct 27;20(22):6474–6480. doi: 10.1021/bi00525a028. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Lin C. T., Chan L. Morphological localization of apolipoproteins and their mRNA by immunocytochemistry and in situ nucleic acid hybridization. Methods Enzymol. 1986;129:297–319. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(86)29077-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Lin C. T., Chen L. H. Production and characterization of an antibody to cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase and immunolocalization of the enzyme in rat organs. Lab Invest. 1983 Jun;48(6):718–725. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Mahley R. W., Innerarity T. L. Lipoprotein receptors and cholesterol homeostasis. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1983 May 24;737(2):197–222. doi: 10.1016/0304-4157(83)90001-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Mahley R. W., Innerarity T. L., Rall S. C., Jr, Weisgraber K. H. Plasma lipoproteins: apolipoprotein structure and function. J Lipid Res. 1984 Dec 1;25(12):1277–1294. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Murray J. C., Demopulos C. M., Lawn R. M., Motulsky A. G. Molecular genetics of human serum albumin: restriction enzyme fragment length polymorphisms and analbuminemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Oct;80(19):5951–5955. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.19.5951. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Nagase S., Shimamune K., Shumiya S. Albumin-deficient rat mutant. Science. 1979 Aug 10;205(4406):590–591. doi: 10.1126/science.451621. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Newman T. C., Dawson P. A., Rudel L. L., Williams D. L. Quantitation of apolipoprotein E mRNA in the liver and peripheral tissues of nonhuman primates. J Biol Chem. 1985 Feb 25;260(4):2452–2457. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Rall S. C., Jr, Weisgraber K. H., Mahley R. W. Human apolipoprotein E. The complete amino acid sequence. J Biol Chem. 1982 Apr 25;257(8):4171–4178. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Sherrill B. C., Innerarity T. L., Mahley R. W. Rapid hepatic clearance of the canine lipoproteins containing only the E apoprotein by a high affinity receptor. Identity with the chylomicron remnant transport process. J Biol Chem. 1980 Mar 10;255(5):1804–1807. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Tanaka Y., Lin-Lee Y. C., Lin-Su M. H., Chan L. Intestinal Biosynthesis of apolipoproteins in the rat: apoE and apoA-I mRNA translation and regulation. Metabolism. 1982 Sep;31(9):861–865. doi: 10.1016/0026-0495(82)90173-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Williams D. L., Dawson P. A., Newman T. C., Rudel L. L. Apolipoprotein E synthesis in peripheral tissues of nonhuman primates. J Biol Chem. 1985 Feb 25;260(4):2444–2451. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Wu A. L., Windmueller H. G. Relative contributions by liver and intestine to individual plasma apolipoproteins in the rat. J Biol Chem. 1979 Aug 10;254(15):7316–7322. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Zannis V. I., Cole F. S., Jackson C. L., Kurnit D. M., Karathanasis S. K. Distribution of apolipoprotein A-I, C-II, C-III, and E mRNA in fetal human tissues. Time-dependent induction of apolipoprotein E mRNA by cultures of human monocyte-macrophages. Biochemistry. 1985 Jul 30;24(16):4450–4455. doi: 10.1021/bi00337a028. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Zannis V. I., Ordovas J. M., Cladaras C., Cole F. S., Forbes G., Schaefer E. J. mRNA and apolipoprotein E synthesis abnormalities in peripheral blood monocyte macrophages in familial apolipoprotein E deficiency. J Biol Chem. 1985 Oct 25;260(24):12891–12894. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Clinical Investigation are provided here courtesy of American Society for Clinical Investigation

RESOURCES