Abstract
The low titer and incidence of autologous antibody to melanoma has hampered its evaluation. Through acid dissociation and ultrafiltration of serum, we have been able to augment the autologous immune response in 9 of 10 patients studied. This result suggests that autologous antibody is present in most patients with melanoma, but is obscured by circulating antigen and the formation of immune complexes. Because native antibody and antibody derived from circulating immune complexes are produced by the host against physiologically relevant antigens, correlations can be made to clinical course. Serological studies of three patients with melanoma were performed with serum samples obtained over many months; these studies demonstrated correlations with tumor progression and clinical course. Serial serologic studies may yet provide one of the better ways to evaluate these relationships. They have the advantage of detecting transient events that may occur with the inception of metastatic disease or autoimmune phenomena, and of avoiding the difficulties encountered in comparing antibody responses between different individuals.
Full text
PDF





Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Baldwin R. W., Price M. R., Robins R. A. Inhibition of hepatoma-immune lymph-node cell cytotoxicity by tumour-bearer serum, and solubilized hepatoma antigen. Int J Cancer. 1973 May;11(3):527–535. doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910110304. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bumol T. F., Reisfeld R. A. Unique glycoprotein-proteoglycan complex defined by monoclonal antibody on human melanoma cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Feb;79(4):1245–1249. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.4.1245. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bystryn J. C., Smalley J. R. Identification and solubilization of iodinated cell surface human melanoma associated antigens. Int J Cancer. 1977 Aug 15;20(2):165–172. doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910200202. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bystryn J. C., Tedholm C. A., Heaney-Kieras J. Release of surface macromolecules by human melanoma and normal cells. Cancer Res. 1981 Mar;41(3):910–914. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Carey T. E., Lloyd K. O., Takahashi T., Travassos L. R., Old L. J. AU cell-surface antigen of human malignant melanoma: solubilization and partial characterization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Jun;76(6):2898–2902. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.6.2898. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Carey T. E., Lloyd K. O., Takahashi T., Travassos L. R., Old L. J. AU cell-surface antigen of human malignant melanoma: solubilization and partial characterization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Jun;76(6):2898–2902. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.6.2898. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Carey T. E., Takahashi T., Resnick L. A., Oettgen H. F., Old L. J. Cell surface antigens of human malignant melanoma: mixed hemadsorption assays for humoral immunity to cultured autologous melanoma cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Sep;73(9):3278–3282. doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.9.3278. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chee D. O., Boddie A. W., Roth J. A., Holmes E. C., Morton D. L. Production of melanoma-associated antigen(s) by a defined malignant melanoma cell strain grown in chemically defined medium. Cancer Res. 1976 Apr;36(4):1503–1509. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ernstoff M. S., Fusi S., Kirkwood J. M. Parameters of interferon action: I. Immunological effects of whole cell leukocyte interferon (IFN-alpha) in phase I-II trials. J Biol Response Mod. 1983;2(6):528–539. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Galloway D. R., McCabe R. P., Pellegrino M. A., Ferrone S., Reisfeld R. A. Tumor-associated antigens in spent medium of human melanoma cells: immunochemical characterization with xenoantisera. J Immunol. 1981 Jan;126(1):62–66. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Harper J. R., Bumol T. F., Reisfeld R. A. Characterization of monoclonal antibody 155.8 and partial characterization of its proteoglycan antigen on human melanoma cells. J Immunol. 1984 Apr;132(4):2096–2104. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Heaney-Kieras J., Bystryn J. C. Identification and purification of a Mr 75,000 cell surface human melanoma-associated antigen. Cancer Res. 1982 Jun;42(6):2310–2316. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hertz K. C., Gazze L. A., Kirkpatrick C. H., Katz S. I. Autoimmune vitiligo: detection of antibodies to melanin-producing cells. N Engl J Med. 1977 Sep 22;297(12):634–637. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197709222971204. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jose D. G., Seshadri R. Circulating immune complexes in human neuroblastoma: direct assay and role in blocking specific cellular immunity. Int J Cancer. 1974 Jun 15;13(6):824–838. doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910130610. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kirkwood J. M., Vlock D. R. Augmentation of autologous antibody to human melanoma following acid dissociation and ultrafiltration of serum. Cancer Res. 1984 Sep;44(9):4177–4182. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Koprowski H., Steplewski Z., Herlyn D., Herlyn M. Study of antibodies against human melanoma produced by somatic cell hybrids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Jul;75(7):3405–3409. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.7.3405. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McCabe R. P., Ferrone S., Pellegrino M. A., Kern D. H., Holmes E. C., Reisfeld R. A. Purification and immunologic evaluation of human melnoma-associated antigens. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1978 Apr;60(4):773–777. doi: 10.1093/jnci/60.4.773. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mitchell K. F., Fuhrer J. P., Steplewski Z., Koprowski H. Biochemical characterization of human melanoma cell surfaces: dissection with monoclonal antibodies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Dec;77(12):7287–7291. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.12.7287. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Naughton G. K., Eisinger M., Bystryn J. C. Antibodies to normal human melanocytes in vitiligo. J Exp Med. 1983 Jul 1;158(1):246–251. doi: 10.1084/jem.158.1.246. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nordlund J. J., Kirkwood J. M., Forget B. M., Milton G., Albert D. M., Lerner A. B. Vitiligo in patients with metastatic melanoma: a good prognostic sign. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1983 Nov;9(5):689–696. doi: 10.1016/s0190-9622(83)70182-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Old L. J. Cancer immunology: the search for specificity--G. H. A. Clowes Memorial lecture. Cancer Res. 1981 Feb;41(2):361–375. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pfreundschuh M., Shiku H., Takahashi T., Ueda R., Ransohoff J., Oettgen H. F., Old L. J. Serological analysis of cell surface antigens of malignant human brain tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Oct;75(10):5122–5126. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.10.5122. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rossen R. D., Crane M. M., Morgan A. C., Giannini E. H., Giovanella B. C., Stehlin J. S., Twomey J. J., Hersh E. M. Circulating immune complexes and tumor cell cytotoxins as prognostic indicators in malignant melanoma: a prospective study of 53 patients. Cancer Res. 1983 Jan;43(1):422–429. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rossen R. D., Reisberg M. A., Hersh E. M., Gutterman J. U. The C1q binding test for soluble immune complexes: clinical correlations obtained in patients with cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1977 May;58(5):1205–1215. doi: 10.1093/jnci/58.5.1205. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Roth J. A., Slocum H. K., Pellegrino M. A., Holmes E. C., Reisfeld R. A. Purification of soluble human melanoma-associated antigens. Cancer Res. 1976 Jul;36(7 Pt 1):2360–2364. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Samayoa E. A., McDuffie F. C., Nelson A. M., Go V. L., Luthra H. S., Brumfield H. W. Immunoglobulin complexes in sera of patients with malignancy. Int J Cancer. 1977 Jan;19(1):12–17. doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910190103. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shiku H., Takahashi T., Oettgen H. F. Cell surface antigens of human malignant melanoma. II. Serological typing with immune adherence assays and definition of two new surface antigens. J Exp Med. 1976 Oct 1;144(4):873–881. doi: 10.1084/jem.144.4.873. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shiku H., Takahashi T., Resnick L. A., Oettgen H. F., Old L. J. Cell surface antigens of human malignant melanoma. III. Recognition of autoantibodies with unusual characteristics. J Exp Med. 1977 Mar 1;145(3):784–789. doi: 10.1084/jem.145.3.784. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sjögren H. O., Hellström I., Bansal S. C., Hellström K. E. Suggestive evidence that the "blocking antibodies" of tumor-bearing individuals may be antigen--antibody complexes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1971 Jun;68(6):1372–1375. doi: 10.1073/pnas.68.6.1372. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sonnenfeld G., Mandel A. D., Merigan T. C. Time and dosage dependence of immunoenhancement by murine type II interferon preparations. Cell Immunol. 1978 Oct;40(2):285–293. doi: 10.1016/0008-8749(78)90336-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tai T., Paulson J. C., Cahan L. D., Irie R. F. Ganglioside GM2 as a human tumor antigen (OFA-I-1). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Sep;80(17):5392–5396. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.17.5392. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Theofilopoulos A. N., Andrews B. S., Urist M. M., Morton D. L., Dixon F. J. The nature of immune complexes in human cancer sera. J Immunol. 1977 Aug;119(2):657–663. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Theofilopoulos A. N., Dixon F. J. The biology and detection of immune complexes. Adv Immunol. 1979;28:89–220. doi: 10.1016/s0065-2776(08)60800-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Theofilopoulos A. N., Wilson C. B., Dixon F. J. The Raji cell radioimmune assay for detecting immune complexes in human sera. J Clin Invest. 1976 Jan;57(1):169–182. doi: 10.1172/JCI108257. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Woodbury R. G., Brown J. P., Yeh M. Y., Hellström I., Hellström K. E. Identification of a cell surface protein, p97, in human melanomas and certain other neoplasms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Apr;77(4):2183–2187. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.4.2183. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Woodbury R. G., Brown J. P., Yeh M. Y., Hellström I., Hellström K. E. Identification of a cell surface protein, p97, in human melanomas and certain other neoplasms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Apr;77(4):2183–2187. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.4.2183. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]