Androgen treatment influences Foxp2 and Foxp1 mRNA production distinctly based on brain region. A, A sex difference for Foxp2 and Foxp1mRNA was found in the striatum, with females having higher mRNA levels than males. B, DHT treatment increased both Foxp2 and Foxp1 mRNA levels above controls for both male and female rat pups. C, In contrast to the higher mRNA levels for females in the striatum, in the vermis, males were found to have higher mRNA levels for Foxp2 and Foxp1 than females. D, Treatment with androgens decreased both Foxp2 and Foxp1 mRNA. E, In the cortex, a sex difference was found for Foxp2 but not Foxp1, with males having higher mRNA levels than females. F, Similar to the vermis, androgen treatment decreased both Foxp2 and Foxp1 mRNA in the cortex. Data are expressed as mean (±SEM; n = 10–12/group). #, A significant difference (F-test; P < .05).