Acute lung injury occurs in TLR4 WT but not TLR4 KO animals. Sections of lung were harvested 24 h after 30% total body surface area burn (n ≥ 3 animals per group), stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and compared with sham. All images are 20× and 60× magnification (left to right, respectively). A and B demonstrate normal lung appearance in TLR4 WT sham animals. Toll-like receptor 4 KO sham animals give similar histological appearance to TLR4 WT sham animals (C and D). Severe lung injury marked by thickening of the alveolar-capillary membrane (arrow head), hyaline membrane formation (arrow outline), and intra-alveolar hemorrhage (arrow) is seen in TLR4 WT animals at 24 h after burn (E and F). This injury pattern is not seen in TLR4 KO animals 24 h after burn with images that appear similar to sham (G and H). Black bar = 20 µm. At least four animals were used per group.