Abstract
We report here the first draft assembly for the genome of Acinetobacter idrijaensis strain MII, isolated from the Idrija mercury mine area (Slovenia). This strain shows a strikingly high tolerance to mercury, and the genome sequence shows genes involved in the mechanisms for heavy metal tolerance pathways and multidrug efflux pumps.
GENOME ANNOUNCEMENT
Since the late 15th century, the Idrija mercury mine has been one of the largest mercury mines in the world, second only to the mine at Almadén, Spain. Idrija is situated in a narrow valley, 60 km west of the capital city Ljubljana, Slovenia (1). The concentrations of total mercury (THg) in soil samples taken in the 160-km2 area influenced by the Idrija mercury mine varied between 3.3 and 973 mg/kg; the maximum permissible concentration (10 mg/kg) set by Slovenian legislation is 19 km2 (2). Microbiology studies revealed the presence of mercury-resistant bacteria. One such species is Acinetobacter idrijaensis, isolated from soil sampled in the Idrija mercury mine area. Acinetobacter idrijaensis strain MII was selected based on its ability to grow in the presence of higher concentrations of HgCl2 (200 mg/L) in nutritive medium and for its clear ability to catalyze the volatilization of Hg using the nonradioactive X-ray method (3).
The genome sequence of Acinetobacter idrijaensis was obtained using a whole-genome shotgun library strategy using the Illumina HiSeq 2000 sequencing platform at the Macrogen Korea Institute (Seoul, Rep. of Korea). Sequencing was performed with the paired-end strategy to produce 60.4 million reads of filtered sequences; 997 contigs (>100 bp) were assembled with SPAdes version 3.0 (4). The genome of Acinetobacter idrijaensis is ~3.95 Mbp in length. The G+C content of the genomic DNA is 36.75%. Genome annotation was done using Glimmer3 (5). A total of 2,367 coding sequences (CDSs) and 62 structural RNAs (58 tRNAs and 4 rRNAs) were predicted using the tRNAscan-SE (6) and RNAmmer version 1.2 servers (7).
Based on rRNA analysis, strain MII is most closely related to Acinetobacter iwoffi (99%). Using the genome sequence and predicted gene sets, we investigate the possible mechanism for mercury resistance. The genes (merB, merA, merP, merT, and merR) involved in Hg reduction and resistance were identified in the genome. Multidrug efflux pump systems were identified (MexB-MexD). Also, the sdeY gene was identified, as a multidrug efflux pump, which belongs to the resistance nodulation cell-division (RND) family. The TtgDEF pump was also identified as an RND member able to expel toluene (8). The czcA and czcD gene complexes, which mediate resistance to Co2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+ by cation efflux, were identified. ABC transporters involved in the uptake of iron, siderophores, heme, sugar, and vitamin B12 were identified. Type IV secretion and conjugative transfer systems were also identified. The plasmid stabilization system protein RelE/ParE family was detected. The availability of Acinetobacter idrijaensis strain MII genome allows further analysis to gain insight into its pathogenic and metal tolerance, as well as comparisons between Acinetobacter genomes.
Nucleotide sequence accession number.
This whole-genome shotgun project has been deposited in GenBank under the accession number JQCU00000000.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This work was partially supported by the Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, México, with projects Foper 2013 and Fovin 2014. This project was funded in part by federal funds from FORDECYT no. 193512.
Footnotes
Citation Campos-Guillén J, Caballero Pérez J, Cruz Medina JA, Molina Vera C, Salas Rosas LM, Limpens Gutiérrez C, García Salinas I, Hernández Ramírez MR, Soto Alonso G, Cruz Hernández A, Saldaña Gutierrez C, Romero Gómez S, Pastrana Martínez X, Álvarez Hidalgo E, Gosar M, Dizdarevič T. 2014. Draft genome sequence of the mercury-resistant bacterium Acinetobacter idrijaensis strain MII, isolated from a mine-impacted area, Idrija, Slovenia. Genome Announc. 2(6):e01177-14. doi:10.1128/genomeA.01177-14.
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