Full text
PDF![1019](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/bf93/424278/38e0c9f77e5d/jcinvest00115-0007.png)
![1020](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/bf93/424278/cc15a9efbde7/jcinvest00115-0008.png)
![1021](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/bf93/424278/a0cf72c379c3/jcinvest00115-0009.png)
![1022](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/bf93/424278/76f317647bab/jcinvest00115-0010.png)
![1023](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/bf93/424278/c5929aa4042c/jcinvest00115-0011.png)
![1024](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/bf93/424278/900990c009b9/jcinvest00115-0012.png)
![1025](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/bf93/424278/3ebc667845cb/jcinvest00115-0013.png)
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Acheson K. J., Flatt J. P., Jéquier E. Glycogen synthesis versus lipogenesis after a 500 gram carbohydrate meal in man. Metabolism. 1982 Dec;31(12):1234–1240. doi: 10.1016/0026-0495(82)90010-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bazelmans J., Nestel P. J., O'Dea K., Esler M. D. Blunted norepinephrine responsiveness to changing energy states in obese subjects. Metabolism. 1985 Feb;34(2):154–160. doi: 10.1016/0026-0495(85)90125-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Belko A. Z., Barbieri T. F., Wong E. C. Effect of energy and protein intake and exercise intensity on the thermic effect of food. Am J Clin Nutr. 1986 Jun;43(6):863–869. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/43.6.863. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bielinski R., Schutz Y., Jéquier E. Energy metabolism during the postexercise recovery in man. Am J Clin Nutr. 1985 Jul;42(1):69–82. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/42.1.69. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bogardus C., Lillioja S., Ravussin E., Abbott W., Zawadzki J. K., Young A., Knowler W. C., Jacobowitz R., Moll P. P. Familial dependence of the resting metabolic rate. N Engl J Med. 1986 Jul 10;315(2):96–100. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198607103150205. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bogardus C., Ravussin E., Robbins D. C., Wolfe R. R., Horton E. S., Sims E. A. Effects of physical training and diet therapy on carbohydrate metabolism in patients with glucose intolerance and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Diabetes. 1984 Apr;33(4):311–318. doi: 10.2337/diab.33.4.311. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Burton B. T., Foster W. R., Hirsch J., Van Itallie T. B. Health implications of obesity: an NIH Consensus Development Conference. Int J Obes. 1985;9(3):155–170. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Callaway C. W., Greenwood M. R. Introduction to the Workshop on Methods for Characterizing Human Obesity. Int J Obes. 1984;8(5):477–480. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cerasi E., Luft R. The plasma insulin response to glucose infusion in healthy subjects and in diabetes mellitus. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1967 Jun;55(2):278–304. doi: 10.1530/acta.0.0550278. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Christin L., Nacht C. A., Vernet O., Ravussin E., Jéquier E., Acheson K. J. Insulin. Its role in the thermic effect of glucose. J Clin Invest. 1986 Jun;77(6):1747–1755. doi: 10.1172/JCI112497. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dallosso H. M., James W. P. Whole-body calorimetry studies in adult men. 1. The effect of fat over-feeding on 24 h energy expenditure. Br J Nutr. 1984 Jul;52(1):49–64. doi: 10.1079/bjn19840070. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Danforth E., Jr Diet and obesity. Am J Clin Nutr. 1985 May;41(5 Suppl):1132–1145. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/41.5.1132. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Danforth E., Jr, Horton E. S., O'Connell M., Sims E. A., Burger A. G., Ingbar S. H., Braverman L., Vagenakis A. G. Dietary-induced alterations in thyroid hormone metabolism during overnutrition. J Clin Invest. 1979 Nov;64(5):1336–1347. doi: 10.1172/JCI109590. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Danforth E., Jr The role of thyroid hormones and insulin in the regulation of energy metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr. 1983 Dec;38(6):1006–1017. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/38.6.1006. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Devlin J. T., Horton E. S. Potentiation of the thermic effect of insulin by exercise: differences between lean, obese, and noninsulin-dependent diabetic men. Am J Clin Nutr. 1986 Jun;43(6):884–890. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/43.6.884. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Evans D. J., Hoffmann R. G., Kalkhoff R. K., Kissebah A. H. Relationship of androgenic activity to body fat topography, fat cell morphology, and metabolic aberrations in premenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1983 Aug;57(2):304–310. doi: 10.1210/jcem-57-2-304. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fagher B., Liedholm H., Monti M., Moritz U. Thermogenesis in human skeletal muscle as measured by direct microcalorimetry and muscle contractile performance during beta-adrenoceptor blockade. Clin Sci (Lond) 1986 May;70(5):435–441. doi: 10.1042/cs0700435. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Flatt J. P., Ravussin E., Acheson K. J., Jéquier E. Effects of dietary fat on postprandial substrate oxidation and on carbohydrate and fat balances. J Clin Invest. 1985 Sep;76(3):1019–1024. doi: 10.1172/JCI112054. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fontaine E., Savard R., Tremblay A., Després J. P., Poehlman E., Bouchard C. Resting metabolic rate in monozygotic and dizygotic twins. Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Roma) 1985;34(1-2):41–47. doi: 10.1017/s0001566000004906. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Golay A., Schutz Y., Felber J. P., de Fronzo R. A., Jéquier E. Lack of thermogenic response to glucose/insulin infusion in diabetic obese subjects. Int J Obes. 1986;10(2):107–116. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Himms-Hagen J. Brown adipose tissue metabolism and thermogenesis. Annu Rev Nutr. 1985;5:69–94. doi: 10.1146/annurev.nu.05.070185.000441. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Huttunen P., Hirvonen J., Kinnula V. The occurrence of brown adipose tissue in outdoor workers. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1981;46(4):339–345. doi: 10.1007/BF00422121. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- JOY R. J. RESPONSES OF COLD-ACCLIMATIZED MEN TO INFUSED NOREPINEPHRINE. J Appl Physiol. 1963 Nov;18:1209–1212. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1963.18.6.1209. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jackson R. A., Hamling J. B., Blix P. M., Sim B. M., Hawa M. I., Jaspan J. B., Belin J., Nabarro J. D. The influence of graded hyperglycemia with and without physiological hyperinsulinemia on forearm glucose uptake and other metabolic responses in man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1986 Sep;63(3):594–604. doi: 10.1210/jcem-63-3-594. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Katz J., McGarry J. D. The glucose paradox. Is glucose a substrate for liver metabolism? J Clin Invest. 1984 Dec;74(6):1901–1909. doi: 10.1172/JCI111610. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Landsberg L., Young J. B. The role of the sympathetic nervous system and catecholamines in the regulation of energy metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr. 1983 Dec;38(6):1018–1024. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/38.6.1018. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LeBlanc J., Brondel L. Role of palatability on meal-induced thermogenesis in human subjects. Am J Physiol. 1985 Mar;248(3 Pt 1):E333–E336. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.1985.248.3.E333. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Modan M., Halkin H., Almog S., Lusky A., Eshkol A., Shefi M., Shitrit A., Fuchs Z. Hyperinsulinemia. A link between hypertension obesity and glucose intolerance. J Clin Invest. 1985 Mar;75(3):809–817. doi: 10.1172/JCI111776. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Moore R. D. Stimulation of Na:H exchange by insulin. Biophys J. 1981 Feb;33(2):203–210. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3495(81)84881-3. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nair K. S., Webster J., Garrow J. S. Effect of impaired glucose tolerance and type II diabetes on resting metabolic rate and thermic response to a glucose meal in obese women. Metabolism. 1986 Jul;35(7):640–644. doi: 10.1016/0026-0495(86)90171-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Newsholme E. A. Sounding Board. A possible metabolic basis for the control of body weight. N Engl J Med. 1980 Feb 14;302(7):400–405. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198002143020711. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- O'Dea K., Esler M., Leonard P., Stockigt J. R., Nestel P. Noradrenaline turnover during under- and over-eating in normal weight subjects. Metabolism. 1982 Sep;31(9):896–899. doi: 10.1016/0026-0495(82)90178-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Poehlman E. T., Tremblay A., Fontaine E., Després J. P., Nadeau A., Dussault J., Bouchard C. Genotype dependency of the thermic effect of a meal and associated hormonal changes following short-term overfeeding. Metabolism. 1986 Jan;35(1):30–36. doi: 10.1016/0026-0495(86)90092-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ravussin E., Acheson K. J., Vernet O., Danforth E., Jéquier E. Evidence that insulin resistance is responsible for the decreased thermic effect of glucose in human obesity. J Clin Invest. 1985 Sep;76(3):1268–1273. doi: 10.1172/JCI112083. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ravussin E., Bogardus C., Schwartz R. S., Robbins D. C., Wolfe R. R., Horton E. S., Danforth E., Jr, Sims E. A. Thermic effect of infused glucose and insulin in man. Decreased response with increased insulin resistance in obesity and noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Clin Invest. 1983 Sep;72(3):893–902. doi: 10.1172/JCI111060. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ravussin E., Lillioja S., Anderson T. E., Christin L., Bogardus C. Determinants of 24-hour energy expenditure in man. Methods and results using a respiratory chamber. J Clin Invest. 1986 Dec;78(6):1568–1578. doi: 10.1172/JCI112749. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Robbins D. C., Danforth E., Jr, Horton E. S., Burse R. L., Goldman R. F., Sims E. A. The effect of diet on thermogenesis in acquired lipodystrophy. Metabolism. 1979 Sep;28(9):908–916. doi: 10.1016/0026-0495(79)90090-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ruderman N. B., Schneider S. H., Berchtold P. The "metabolically-obese," normal-weight individual. Am J Clin Nutr. 1981 Aug;34(8):1617–1621. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/34.8.1617. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Savage P. J., Bennion L. J., Bennett P. H. Normalization of insulin and glucagon secretion in ketosis-resistant diabetes mellitus with prolonged diet therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1979 Dec;49(6):830–833. doi: 10.1210/jcem-49-6-830. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schoeller D. A., Ravussin E., Schutz Y., Acheson K. J., Baertschi P., Jéquier E. Energy expenditure by doubly labeled water: validation in humans and proposed calculation. Am J Physiol. 1986 May;250(5 Pt 2):R823–R830. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.1986.250.5.R823. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schwartz R. S., Halter J. B., Bierman E. L. Reduced thermic effect of feeding in obesity: role of norepinephrine. Metabolism. 1983 Feb;32(2):114–117. doi: 10.1016/0026-0495(83)90214-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Segal K. R., Gutin B. Thermic effects of food and exercise in lean and obese women. Metabolism. 1983 Jun;32(6):581–589. doi: 10.1016/0026-0495(83)90028-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shulman G. I., Ladenson P. W., Wolfe M. H., Ridgway E. C., Wolfe R. R. Substrate cycling between gluconeogenesis and glycolysis in euthyroid, hypothyroid, and hyperthyroid man. J Clin Invest. 1985 Aug;76(2):757–764. doi: 10.1172/JCI112032. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shulman G. I., Rothman D. L., Smith D., Johnson C. M., Blair J. B., Shulman R. G., DeFronzo R. A. Mechanism of liver glycogen repletion in vivo by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J Clin Invest. 1985 Sep;76(3):1229–1236. doi: 10.1172/JCI112078. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Simmons D. A., Kern E. F., Winegrad A. I., Martin D. B. Basal phosphatidylinositol turnover controls aortic Na+/K+ ATPase activity. J Clin Invest. 1986 Feb;77(2):503–513. doi: 10.1172/JCI112330. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Simmons D. A., Kern E. F., Winegrad A. I., Martin D. B. Phosphatidylinositol turnover regulates arterial (Na+-K+)-ATPase activity. Trans Assoc Am Physicians. 1983;96:10–18. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sims E. A., Berchtold P. Obesity and hypertension. Mechanisms and implications for management. JAMA. 1982 Jan 1;247(1):49–52. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sims E. A., Danforth E., Jr, Horton E. S., Bray G. A., Glennon J. A., Salans L. B. Endocrine and metabolic effects of experimental obesity in man. Recent Prog Horm Res. 1973;29:457–496. doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-571129-6.50016-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sims E. A. Energy balance in human beings: the problems of plenitude. Vitam Horm. 1986;43:1–101. doi: 10.1016/s0083-6729(08)60418-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sims E. A. Experimental obesity, dietary-induced thermogenesis, and their clinical implications. Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1976 Jul;5(2):377–395. doi: 10.1016/s0300-595x(76)80027-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Skreslet S., Aarefjord F. Acclimatization to cold in man induced by frequent scuba diving in cold water. J Appl Physiol. 1968 Feb;24(2):177–181. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1968.24.2.177. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stunkard A. J., Sørensen T. I., Hanis C., Teasdale T. W., Chakraborty R., Schull W. J., Schulsinger F. An adoption study of human obesity. N Engl J Med. 1986 Jan 23;314(4):193–198. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198601233140401. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tappy L., Randin J. P., Felber J. P., Chiolero R., Simonson D. C., Jequier E., DeFronzo R. A. Comparison of thermogenic effect of fructose and glucose in normal humans. Am J Physiol. 1986 Jun;250(6 Pt 1):E718–E724. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.1986.250.6.E718. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Vernet O., Christin L., Schutz Y., Danforth E., Jr, Jequier E. Enteral versus parenteral nutrition: comparison of energy metabolism in healthy subjects. Am J Physiol. 1986 Jan;250(1 Pt 1):E47–E54. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.1986.250.1.E47. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zahorska-Markiewicz B. Thermic effect of food and exercise in obesity. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1980;44(3):231–235. doi: 10.1007/BF00421622. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]