Table 1.
Diet composition: baseline diet as estimated by 3-day food record and study diets consumed.
| Title | Baseline a | CONT LFD | LFD | CONT HFD | HFD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daily energy (kcal) | 2326 ± 334 | 3284 ± 125 | 3321 ± 150 | 3140 ± 120 | 3208 ± 92 |
| Fat (% of total energy) | 38.6 ± 2.1 | 35.8 ± 0.6 | 20.2 ± 0.003 1 | 35.2 ± 0.02 | 54.8 ± 0.05 2,3 |
| Saturated fat (% of total energy) | 13.2 ± 0.9 | 11.9 ± 0.4 | 7.7 ± 0.01 1 | 11.6 ± 0.02 | 23.7 ± 0.05 2,3 |
| MUFA (% of total energy) | 13.7 ± 1.0 | 16.7 ± 0.1 | 7.7 ± 0.01 1 | 16.6 ± 0.04 | 22.2 ± 0.06 2,3 |
| PUFA (% of total energy) | 8.2 ± 0.8 | 4.7 ± 0.01 | 3.0 ± 0.01 1 | 4.7 ± 0.03 | 5.2 ± 0.04 2,3 |
| Carbohydrate (% of total energy) | 42.5 ± 2.7 | 46.4 ± 0.6 | 61.7 ± 0.02 1 | 46.9 ± 0.01 | 27.4 ± 0.05 2,3 |
| Protein (% of total energy) | 18.9 ± 1.3 | 17.9 ± 0.01 | 18.1 ± 0.02 1 | 17.8 ± 0.01 | 17.8 ± 0.03 3 |
| Cholesterol (mg/day) | 479 ± 93 | 378 ± 10 | 492 ± 21 1 | 352 ± 11 | 506 ± 17 2 |
| Total fiber (g/day) | 16.2 ± 2.1 | 47.2 ± 2.0 | 46.1 ± 2.1 | 45.8 ± 1.8 | 39.8 ± 1.3 2,3 |
| Fructose (g/day) | 26.7 ± 7.6 | 34.1 ± 1.8 | 46.1 ± 2.1 1 | 33.1 ± 1.4 | 10.0 ± 0.3 2,3 |
| Vitamin C (mg/day) | 68.8 ± 20.0 | 260.8 ± 13.0 | 306.6 ± 16.2 1 | 230.4 ± 20.8 | 121.1 ± 4.8 2,3 |
| Vitamin E (mg/day) | 9.0 ± 1.7 | 27.4 ± 1.1 | 14.4 ± 0.6 1 | 24.8 ± 1.6 | 28.5 ± 0.8 2,3 |
Data for the study diet composition is inclusive of all subjects who completed the control and corresponding LFD or HFD (n = 10 for each). Mean diet composition data for the subset of subjects (n = 7) who completed both diet protocols is not listed separately here, but was similar to those who completed only one of the intervention diets. All data are reported as mean ± SEM. a Food record data were only available on 11 subjects. Abbreviations: MUFA = mono-unsaturated fatty acids, PUFA = poly-unsaturated fatty acids. 1 p < 0.017 compared to CONT LFD.2 p < 0.017 compared to CONT HFD.3 p < 0.017 HFD vs. LFD for the 7 subjects who completed both diet interventions.