Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1973 Sep;70(9):2502–2504. doi: 10.1073/pnas.70.9.2502

Two Distinct Types of Enhancement of Galactose Uptake into Hamster Cells: Tumor-Virus Transformation and Hexose Starvation

H M Kalckar 1, D Ullrey 1
PMCID: PMC427043  PMID: 4517663

Abstract

Enhancement of hexose uptake seems well correlated with transformation of cell cultures by tumor viruses and the absence of contact inhibition. Enhancement of sugar uptake has also been observed as a result of hexose starvation. Both types of enhancement can clearly be demonstrated in cultures of hamster cells when uptake of 14C-labeled galactose is monitored after 10 or 20 min. The profiles of accumulation products are strikingly different. In cultures of hamster NIL cells transformed with polyoma virus much of the 14C is accumulated as UDPhexose. Untransformed cells accumulate galactose-l-phosphate as well as UDPhexose. Hexose-starved cells show enhanced uptake of galactose; however, this marked enhancement was only observed in NIL cultures close to contact inhibition. The novel and common feature seen in hexose-starved cells when incubated briefly with 14C-labeled galactose is the occurrence of a marked accumulation of [14C]UDPglucuronic acid at the expense of UDPhexose. The ratio [14C]UDPglucuronic acid/UDPhexose in cultures fed glucose or galactose was invariably low (0.15-0.2) regardless of the presence or absence of contact inhibition. 20 hr of hexose starvation invariably changed this ratio by a factor of 10 or more, due to accumulation of UDPglucuronic acid. This result was also observed in cultures transformed with polyoma virus. The presence of 3-O-methylglucose in the growth medium did not alter the typical “sugar starvation pattern” (i.e., the UDPglucuronic acid/UDPhexose ratio averaged 1.7).

Enhancement of galactose uptake by hexose starvation was very pronounced in NIL cultures that were close to contact inhibition, but was not a prominent feature in the polyoma-transformed cultures. The transformed cells grown on glucose or galactose growth medium showed the usual enhanced rate of uptake of galactose as compared with nontransformed near-confluent cultures that had been fed hexose. The polyoma-induced enhancement showed none of the features characteristic of hexosestarved cells.

Keywords: UDPglucuronic acid, contact inhibition, polyoma virus

Full text

PDF
2502

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Ankel H., Feingold D. S. Biosynthesis of uridine diphosphate D-xylose. II. Uridine diphosphate D-glucuronate carboxy-lyase of Cryptococcus laurentii. Biochemistry. 1966 Jan;5(1):182–189. doi: 10.1021/bi00865a024. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Hatanaka M., Gilden R. V. Virus-specified changes in the sugar-transport kinetics of rat embryo cells infected with murine sarcoma virus. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1970 Jul;45(1):87–89. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Hatanaka M. Sugar effects on murine sarcoma virus transformation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1973 May;70(5):1364–1367. doi: 10.1073/pnas.70.5.1364. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Isselbacher K. J. Increased uptake of amino acids and 2-deoxy-D-glucose by virus-transformed cells in culture. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1972 Mar;69(3):585–589. doi: 10.1073/pnas.69.3.585. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Kalckar H. M., Ullrey D., Kijomoto S., Hakomori S. Carbohydrate catabolism and the enhancement of uptake of galactose in hamster cells transformed by polyoma virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1973 Mar;70(3):839–843. doi: 10.1073/pnas.70.3.839. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. LOWRY O. H., ROSEBROUGH N. J., FARR A. L., RANDALL R. J. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951 Nov;193(1):265–275. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. MACPHERSON I., MONTAGNIER L. AGAR SUSPENSION CULTURE FOR THE SELECTIVE ASSAY OF CELLS TRANSFORMED BY POLYOMA VIRUS. Virology. 1964 Jun;23:291–294. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(64)90301-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Martin G. S., Venuta S., Weber M., Rubin H. Temperature-dependent alterations in sugar transport in cells infected by a temperature-sensitive mutant of Rous sarcoma virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1971 Nov;68(11):2739–2741. doi: 10.1073/pnas.68.11.2739. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Martineau R., Kohlbacher M., Shaw S. N., Amos H. Enhancement of hexose entry into chick fibroblasts by starvation: differential effect on galactose and glucose. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1972 Nov;69(11):3407–3411. doi: 10.1073/pnas.69.11.3407. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. NARAHARA H. T., OZAND P. Studies of tissue permeability. IX. The effect of insulin on the penetration of 3-methylglucose-H3 in frog muscle. J Biol Chem. 1963 Jan;238:40–49. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Robinson E. A., Kalckar H. M., Troedsson H., Sanford K. Metabolic inhibition of mammalian uridine diphosphate galactose 4-epimerase in cell cultures and in tumor cells. J Biol Chem. 1966 Jun 25;241(12):2737–2745. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Venuta S., Rubin H. Sugar transport in normal and Rous sarcoma virus-transformed chick-embryo fibroblasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1973 Mar;70(3):653–657. doi: 10.1073/pnas.70.3.653. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Weber M. J. Hexose transport in normal and in Rous sarcoma virus-transformed cells. J Biol Chem. 1973 May 10;248(9):2978–2983. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES