Table 2.

Gender-specific correlates of homocysteine levels for participants over age 21 (n = 972) ^†.

	β	Standard Error	p-Value
Both Genders
Follow-up (baseline as ref)	0.37	0.47	0.430
Male (female as ref)	2.64	0.52	0.000 ***
Alcohol drinking (non-drinking as ref)	−0.19	0.52	0.720
Cigarette smoking (non-smoking as ref)	0.85	0.48	0.080
Middle school or higher (lower than middle school as ref)	−0.30	0.46	0.510
Farmer (non-farmer as ref)	0.38	0.38	0.330
Male
Follow-up (baseline as ref)	0.56	0.66	0.396
Alcohol drinking (non-drinking as ref)	−0.19	0.52	0.715
Cigarette smoking (non-smoking as ref)	0.87	0.52	0.093
Middle school or higher (lower than middle school as ref)	−0.77	0.59	0.194
Farmer (non-farmer as ref)	1.21	0.65	0.063
Female
Follow-up (baseline as ref)	0.01	0.55	0.986
Alcohol drinking (non-drinking as ref)	0.82	0.69	0.231
Cigarette smoking (non-smoking as ref)	0.01	0.79	0.989
Middle school or higher (lower than middle school as ref)	0.60	0.68	0.377
Farmer (non-farmer as ref)	−0.44	0.34	0.196

^† β and p-value were estimated from a generalized estimating equations (GEE) model analysis of covariance that included age, sex, alcohol use, cigarette use, education and occupation. *** p < 0.001; ref, reference.