Table 5.

Mutational and genomic properties of model organisms used for MA experiments

	μ (/bp*	Genome	Proteome size1	Coding		Cell div.	Mut./div.*	Mut./div.*				ΔM/genome*	ΔM/proteome*
Organism	gen.)	size (bp)	(codons)	positions2	Ploidy	/gen.3	genome	proteome	CVm4	ΔM4	ΔM/div.	mut.	mut.	U	E(a)
A. thaliana	6.50×10−9	1.57×108	1.34×107	2.01×107	2	35	0.0292	0.0037	4.15	−5.45×10−3	−1.56×10−4	−5.34×10−3	−4.17×10−2	0.027	−0.39
C. elegans	5.75×10−9	9.70×107	1.00×107	1.51×107	2	9	0.062	0.0096	1.49	−1.07×10−3	−1.18×10−4	−1.91×10−3	−1.23×10−2	0.007	−0.25
D. melanogaster5	4.65×10−9	1.40×108	7.10×106	1.06×107	2	36	0.018	0.0014	1.54	−4.87×10−3	−1.35×10−4	−7.15×10−3	−9.84×10−2	0.1	−0.14
C. reinhardtii	2.08×10−10	1.12×108	1.31×107	1.96×107	1	1	0.0233	0.0041	0.54	−2.44×10−5	−2.44×10−5	−1.05×10−3	−5.97×10−3	0.002	−0.04
S. cerevisiae	3.30×10−10	1.25×107	2.91×106	4.36×106	1	1	0.0041	0.0014	0.09	−5.45×10−6	−5.45×10−6	−1.32×10−3	−3.79×10−3	2.4×10−5	−0.13
E. coli	2.60×10−10	4.64×106	1.32×106	1.97×108	1	1	0.0012	0.0005	0.02	−2.50×10−6	−2.50×10−6	−2.07×10−3	−4.88×10−3	1.7×10−4	−0.01

The organisms listed are those for which genomic and phenotypic outcomes of MA are available. The figures reported are the mean value for each species as summarized in Halligan and Keightley (2009 and references therein). Using available estimates of the mutation rate (μ), genome size, and proteome size, we calculate the change in fitness per mutation.

gen. = generations; div. = divisions.

¹Proteome sizes were taken from Massey (2008) and references therein.

²The number of coding positions was estimated as two-thirds of CDS to account for synonymous changes.

³Cell divisions per generation were taken from Lynch (2010) and references therein.

⁴MA results were taken from Table1 of Halligan and Keightley (2009), which tabulated standardized parameter estimates from MA studies.

⁵Mean values for D. melanogaster exclude the extreme outlier values of Gong et al. (2005) (see Halligan and Keightley 2009 for details).