Negative staining of vaccinia virions. Vaccinia virions were adsorbed on a Formvar/carbon coated grid and incubated in the presence of Tris (A–E), NP-40 (F–J) or NP-40 + DTT (K–O). After 20 minutes the grids were washed and stained with PTA, pH 7.0 (A, F, K), PTA, pH 10.5 (B, G, L), AmMo (C, H, M), UA (D, I, N) or NanoW (E, J, O). The grids were examined in a TEM as described in Materials and Methods.