TABLE 2.
Events | Subjects | Person-years | RHR Mean, HR (95% CI) |
RHR Trend, HR (95% CI) |
RHR Variation, HR (95% CI) |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Any incident MI event | ||||||
Minimally-adjusted | 262 | 1991 | 22,372 | 1.07 (0.92-1.25) | 1.12 (0.99-1.28) | 1.01 (0.90-1.13) |
CV risk factor-adjusted | 260 | 1971 | 22,173 | 1.00 (0.86-1.17) | 1.09 (0.96-1.24) | 1.03 (0.92-1.15) |
Fully-adjusted | 259 | 1941 | 21,920 | 0.99 (0.85-1.16) | 1.08 (0.95-1.23) | 1.01 (0.90-1.14) |
Death from any cause | ||||||
Minimally-adjusted | 1326 | 1991 | 23,324 | 1.14 (1.07-1.22) | 0.98 (0.92-1.04) | 1.07 (1.03-1.13) |
CV risk factor-adjusted | 1311 | 1971 | 23,122 | 1.12 (1.05-1.20) | 0.97 (0.91-1.03) | 1.08 (1.03-1.13) |
Fully-adjusted | 1286 | 1941 | 22,862 | 1.08 (1.01-1.16) | 0.98 (0.91-1.04) | 1.06 (1.02-1.12) |
Each regression model included all three resting heart rate (RHR) exposure variables, and hazard ratios adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors represent the primary analyses (bolded). Hazard ratios for RHR mean, RHR trend, and RHR variation are per units of 10 bpm, 2 bpm/year, and 2 bpm respectively. Minimally-adjusted models were adjusted for age, sex, and race; CV risk factor-adjusted models were also adjusted for current smoking, treated diabetes mellitus, systolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, and the presence of subclinical cardiovascular disease; and fully-adjusted models were also adjusted for marital status, education, self-reported health status, regular moderate or high-intensity exercise, body mass index, serum creatinine, 15-foot walk speed, and grip strength. CI = confidence interval, CV = cardiovascular, HR = hazard ratio.