Table 2. Summary of Voxel-Based Morphometry Results.

Contrast	Region	BA	Cluster voxels	Peak Z	x	y	z	Post hoc regression (PTSD only)	Std. beta	p-value
Control>PTSD	R. ant. vmPFC	10, 11	504	4.47	16	62	−2	Age PTSD duration	−0.451 −0.661	0.009 0.018
	R. fusiform gyrus	20, 36	649	4.42	52	−24	−26	Avoidance/numbing	0.522	0.090
	L. fusiform gyrus	20, 36	449	4.25	−48	−31	−20	—
	L. occipital cortex	18, 19	620	4.30	−36	−93	1	Num. trauma types	−0.739	0.013
	L. occipital cortex	18, 19	379	4.13	−46	−82	−12	—
Group × age: control>PTSD	R. ant. hippocampus	—	94	3.58	32	−12	−17	Age Re-experiencing Hyperarousal PTSD duration Time since trauma	−0.574 −0.364 0.376 −0.543 0.682	0.003 0.089 0.074 0.060 0.058
Cluster B-re-experiencing symptoms (−)	R. sgACC	25, 32, 10	282	3.74	3	20	−11	Re-experiencing Avoidance/numbing Hyperarousal	−0.707 0.568 −0.296	<0.001 0.003 0.057
	R. ant. hippocampus	—	51	3.51	38	−15	−27	Re-experiencing Avoidance/numbing Hyperarousal	−0.701 0.721 0.308	<0.001 <0.001 0.043

Abbreviations: sgACC, subgenual anterior cingulate cortex; vmPFC, ventromedial prefrontal cortex.

Clusters shown survived cluster thresholding (corrected α⩽0.05) within a priori search regions of the medial prefrontal cortex or amygdala/hippocampus complex. Additional clusters outside of these regions surviving whole-brain correction are also displayed. Peak coordinates (x, y, and z) are based on the MNI atlas in RAI orientation. All analyses included age and sex as covariates. The association with DSM-IV cluster B symptoms was conducted as part of a multivariate regression, including cluster C and D symptoms of PTSD. Post hoc analysis was performed within the PTSD group on extracted cluster data using multivariate regression to examine relationships with PTSD and trauma exposure measures. The model included age, sex, DSM-IV PTSD B/C/D symptoms, PTSD duration, number of trauma types endorsed, and time elapsed since the initial index trauma. Significant or trend-level findings are displayed.