Abstract Abstract
Nineteen species of seed-beetles belonging to the subfamily Bruchinae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) were collected in Xinjiang, China. Of these, the following four were new records for China: Bruchus affinis Frolich, 1799, Bruchus atomarius L., 1761, Bruchus loti Paykull, 1800 and Kytorhinus kergoati Delobel & Legalov, 2009. We provide an annotated checklist, illustrations and a key to the 19 species.
Keywords: New record, checklist, taxonomy, Palaearctic region
Introduction
Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (hereafter referred to as Xinjiang, also known as Sinkiang) is a provincial region in the northwest of the People’s Republic of China. It is the largest Chinese administrative division and it spans over 1.6 million km2. The region is bordered by eight countries: Russia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan and India.
Four tribes of the Chrysomelidae subfamily Bruchinae have been recorded in Xinjiang: Amblycerini, Bruchini, Kytorhinini and Rhaebini (Anton 2010, Tan and Yu 1980) and six tribes according to Bouchard et al. (2011): Amblycerini, Bruchini, Eubaptini, Kytorhinini, Pachymerini and Rhaebini. Kytorhinini and Rhaebini are monotypic and restricted to Central Asia and the temperate Holarctic region, respectively (Borowiec 1987, Delobel and Legalov 2009). The majority of Bruchinae species, commonly called bean weevils or seed-beetles, feed on grain legumes and seeds of leguminous trees and shrubs. Many species have a significant economic impact because they can consume valuable protein-rich crops that would otherwise be eaten by humans (Southgate 1979). Despite this, little is currently known about the seed-beetles of Xinjiang. Fifteen species have been documented (Hoffmann 1965, Tan and Yu 1980, Zhang et al. 1987, Xu 1991, Anton 2010, Sui et al. 2011), but most of the records lack detailed information about their distribution.
Methods
We checked all seed-beetles specimens from Xinjiang (most collected from 1956 to 1978) in (NZMC), (IZCAS), in Beijing, China. In order to increase the material currently available in the NZMC collection, we collected twice in Xinjiang in July 2009 and August 2013. Seed-beetles were obtained in the field by sweeping with a sweep net and by collecting seeds of host plants in day time. We also tried to collect at night, but no seed-beetles were found. The identification of some of the specimens were confirmed by Chinese Chrysomelidae specialist Tan Juanjie and Yu Peiyu of IZCAS twenty years ago. All the specimens were identified by comparing the external morphological features and the male genitalia morphological characters with some published articles again (Lukjanovitsch and Ter-Minassian 1957, Tan and Yu 1980, Borowiec 1987, 1991, Kingsolver 2004, Delobel and Legalov 2009).
Photographs of all the seed-beetles were taken with a Cannon 5D digital camera and images were processed in Adobe Photoshop CS5. Drawings were created using Adobe Illustrator CS4. All specimens were deposited in the NZMC, where most of them were assigned unique numbers corresponding to the Institute of Zoology collection code entry IOZ(E).
Results
In this study, 19 species of Bruchinae beetles were collected in Xinjiang. They were annotated with updated detailed distribution in the following checklist. The following key is illustrated with photographs of morphological characters used in it.
Checklist of Bruchinae from Xinjiang, China
Tribe Amblycerini Bridwell, 1932
Subtribe Spermophagina Borowiec, 1987
Genus Spermophagus Schoenherr, 1833
Spermophagus sericeus
(Geoffroy, 1785)
Figures 1–12.
Bruchinae in Xinjiang, dorsal and lateral view. 1–2 Spermophagus sericeus 3–4 Acanthoscelides pallidipennis 5–6 Bruchidius apicipennis 7–8 Bruchidius tuberculicauda 9–10 Callosobruchus chinensis 11–12 Callosobruchus maculatus; black bar = 1 mm.
Material.
2♂, Akqi, Kizilsu, Xinjiang, 40.98°N, 78.70°E, alt. ca 1970 m, 2005.VI.14, H.Y. Hu leg.; 1♀6♂, Aksu, Xinjiang, 40.94°N, 80.11°E, alt. ca 1180 m, 1978.VI.19, Y.H. Han leg.; IOZ(E)1016347–1016583; 1♀, Qinggil, Altay, Xinjiang, 46.69°N, 90.39°E, alt. ca 1390 m, 1956.VIII.1, W.Y. Yang leg., IOZ(E)632314; 1♀1♂, Turpan, Xinjiang, 42.93°N, 89.27°E, alt. ca 140 m, 1958.V.20, C.Q. Li and G. Wang leg., IOZ(E)632431, IOZ(E)632433; 3♀3♂, Baicheng, Aksu, 41.78°N, 81.92°E, alt. ca 1310 m, 1959.VII.22, A.F. Tian leg., IOZ(E)115170–115176; 1♀3♂, Yuli, Mila, Bayingol, Xinjiang, 41.77°N, 84.24°E, alt. ca 1000 m, 1958.VII.13, C.Q. Li leg., IOZ(E)115143–115146; 1♀1♂, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 43.83°N, 87.55°E, alt. ca 820 m, 1955.VII.25, S.J. Ma, K.L. Xia and Y.L.Chen leg., IOZ(E)115133–115134; 2♀2♂, Usu, Qoqek, Xinjiang, 45.02°N, 84.78°E, alt. ca 290 m, 1957.VI.16, G. Wang leg., IOZ(E)115106–115109; 10♀16♂, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 44.28°N, 86.27°E, alt. ca 500 m, 1957.VI.7, G. Wang and C.P. Hong leg., IOZ(E)115080–115106; 1♀6♂, Shawan, Qoqek, Xinjiang, 44.46°N, 85.66°E, alt. ca 420 m, 1957.VI.11, G. Wang and C.P. Hong leg., IOZ(E)115063–115169; 1♀, Jeminay, Altay, Xinjiang, 47.43°N, 85.87°E, alt. ca 970 m, 1956.IX.17, W.Y. Yang leg., IOZ(E)115054.
Distribution.
Widely distributed around the Palaearctic region.
Tribe Bruchini Latreille, 1802
Subtribe Acanthoscelidina Bridwell, 1946
Genus Acanthoscelides Schilsky, 1905
Acanthoscelides pallidipennis
(Motschulsky, 1874)
Figures 39–42.
Antennae. 39 Kytorhinus thermopsis male 40 Kytorhinus thermopsis female 41 Kytorhinus kergoati male 42 Kytorhinus kergoati female 43–44 Head 43 Kytorhinus immixtus 44 Kytorhinus thermopsis 45–46 Lateral pronotal margin. 45 Bruchus affinis 46 Bruchus rufimanus 47 Hind trochanters 47 Rhaebus solskyi 48–51 Hind femur. 48 Rhaebus solskyi male 49 Acanthoscelides pallidipennis 50 Callosobruchus maculatus outside view 51 Callosobruchus maculates inside view.
Distribution.
Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Macedonia, North America, North Korea, Russia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Serbia and Montenegro, Tajikistan.
Remarks.
We did not find any specimens of Acanthoscelides pallidipennis in Xinjiang in our to study, however Tan and Yu (1980) recorded it in Xinjiang. According to Tan and Yu (1980), the North American bruchid Acanthoscelides pallidipennis was introduced to China with its natural host Amorpha fruticosa L. a number of years ago. It has been a major pest of Amorpha fruticosa seeds in China.
Genus Bruchidius Schilsky, 1905
Bruchidius apicipennis
Heyden, 1892
Material.
2♀5♂, Korla, Bayingol, Xinjiang, 41.61°N, 86.22°E, alt. ca 1060 m 1958.VIII.11–17, C.Q. Li, IOZ(E)109480–109482, 109484, 109486, 109488–109489; 1♂, Aksu, Xinjiang, 41.18°N, 80.19°E, alt. ca 1210 m, 1958.IX.9, C.Q. Li, IOZ(E)109517; 1♂, Karakax, Hetian, Xinjiang, 37.79°N, 80.52°E, alt. ca 1250 m, 1958.V.8, C.Q. Li, IOZ(E)109516; 12♂13♀, Halajunxiang, Artux, Kizilsu, Xinjiang, 40.02°N, 76.81°E, alt. ca 1610 m, 1959.VI.22, S.Y. Wang leg., IOZ(E)109490–109514; 1♂, Yanqi, Bayingol, 41.80°N, 85.82°E, alt. ca 950 m, 1958.VIII.26, C.Q. Li, IOZ(E)109515; 1♀, Hetian, Xinjiang, 37.02°N, 79.98°E, 1955.V.20, S.J. Ma, K.L. Xia and Y.L. Chen leg., IOZ(E)109657; 2♀, Jinghe, Bortala, Xinjiang, 44.36°N, 83.15°E, alt. ca 1730 m, 1955.VIII.24, S.J. Ma, K.L. Xia and Y.L. Chen leg., IOZ(E)109518–109519; 1♀, Manas, Changji, Xinjiang, 44.54°N, 86.22°E, alt. ca 400 m, 1957.VI.9, G. Wang, IOZ(E)109521; 4♂3♀, Milan, Ruoqiang, Bayingol, Xinjiang, 39.27°N, 89.10°E, alt. ca 900 m 1960.IV.30, S.Y. Wang leg., IOZ(E)109649–109655; 2♀, Xiao Artux, Artux, Kizilsu, Xinjiang, 39.68°N, 75.67°E, alt. ca 2100 m, 1959.VI.17, S.Y. Wang leg., IOZ(E)109658–109659; 1♀, Shihutang, Manas, Changji, Xinjiang, 44.60°N, 86.09°E, alt. ca 370, 1957.VII.4, C.P. Hong leg., IOZ(E)109660; 1♂2♀, Wensu, Aksu, Xinjiang, 41.29°N, 80.21°E, alt. ca 1190, 1955.VI.9, S.J. Ma, K.L. Xia and Y.L. Chen leg., IOZ(E)109841–109843.
Distribution.
China, Iran, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia, South Africa, Turkey, Turkmenistan.
Bruchidius tuberculicauda
Lukjanovitsch & Ter-Minassian, 1954
Figures 52–68.
Tibia apical portion of Bruchus spp. male mid legs. 52 Bruchus affinis 53 Bruchus atomarius 54 Bruchus dentipes 55 Bruchus loti 56 Bruchus pisorum 57 Bruchus rufimanus 58 Bruchus sibiricus 59–61 Tibia apical portion of Bruchus spp. hind legs 59 Bruchus affinis 60 Bruchus pisorum 61 Bruchus sibiricus 62–67 Pygidium. 62 Bruchus rufimanus 63 Bruchus atomarius 64 Bruchidius tuberculicauda male 65 Bruchidius tuberculicauda female 66 Megabruchidius dorsalis male 67 Megabruchidius dorsalis female.
Material.
1♀1♂, Nilka, Ila, Xinjiang, 43.79°N, 82.50°E, 1124m,1994.VI.20, X.F. Huang leg.; 2♀1♂, Takeshikenzhen, Qinggil, Altay, Xinjiang, 46.18°N, 90.81°E, alt. ca 1110 m, 2013.VII.28, Y. Li leg..
Distribution.
China, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia.
Genus Callosobruchus Pic, 1902
Callosobruchus chinensis
(L., 1975)
Material.
1♀, Xinhe, Xinjiang, 41.51°N, 82.50°E, alt. ca 980 m, 2000.VI.30, R.H. Lin leg.
Distribution.
Almost worldwide.
Remarks.
In this study, we found only one specimen of Callosobruchus chinensis in Xinjiang. Zhang et al. (1987) and Xu (1991), however, recorded Vigna radiata and Vigna angularis extensively infested by Callosobruchus chinensis in Kumul and Shihezi, Xinjiang.
Callosobruchus maculatus
(Fabricius, 1975)
Distribution.
Almost worldwide.
Remarks.
Although we did not collect any Callosobruchus maculatus specimens from Xinjiang in this study, Sui et al. (2001) previously recorded Cicer arietinum infested by Callosobruchus maculatus in Kashgar City, Xinjiang.
Genus Megabruchidius Borowiec, 1984
Megabruchidius dorsalis
(Fabraeus, 1839)
Figures 13–26.
Bruchinae in Xinjiang, dorsal and lateral view. 13–14 Megabruchidius dorsalis 15–16 Bruchus affinis 17–18 Bruchus atomarius 19–20 Bruchus dentipes 21–22 Bruchus loti 23–24 Bruchus pisorum 25–26 Bruchus rufimanus; black bar = 1 mm.
Material.
10♀5♂, Ili Forestry Science Research Institute, Gulja, Ili, Xinjiang, 43.94°N, 81.33°E, alt. ca 660 m, 1973.VII.5, IOZ(E)109814–109818, 632556–632565.
Distribution.
Bulgaria, China, France, Greece, Hong Kong, Hungary, India, Italy, Japan, Mongolia, Papua New Guinea, Switzerland, Turkmenistan.
Subtribe Bruchina Latreille, 1802
Genus Bruchus L., 1767
Bruchus affinis
Frolich, 1799
Figure 68.
Map of northwestern China, illustrating localities for Bruchinae species. Bruchus affinis and Bruchus loti = squares. Bruchus atomarius = triangles. Kytorhinus kergoati = dots. Only new records reported here are shown.
Material.
7♀3♂, Xinyuan, Ili, Xinjiang, 43.42°N, 82.26°E, alt. ca 1200 m, 1972.VII, IOZ(E)1016073–1016075, 108162–108163, 108157–108160, 108155.
Distribution.
China, Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Mongolia, North Korea, Russia, Syria, Tajikistan, Europe.
Bruchus atomarius
(L., 1761)
Material.
5♀2♂, Xinyuan, Ili, Xinjiang, 43.42°N, 82.26°E, alt. ca 1200 m, 1972.VII, IOZ(E)1016068–1016072, 108161, 108156; 1♀, Kanasi, Buerjin County, Altay, Xinjiang, 49.01°N, 87.35°E, alt. ca 1550 m, 2009.VII.25, Z.L. Wang leg..
Distribution.
New record for China, Europe, Iran, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Mongolia, North Korea, Russia, Syria.
Bruchus dentipes
Baudi, 1886
Distribution.
Afghanistan, Algeria, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Belgium, China, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, England, France, Greece, Italy, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Russia, Spain, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Turkey, Uzbekistan.
Remarks.
We did not collect any Bruchus dentipes specimens in Xinjiang in this study, but Tan and Yu (1980) previously recorded Bruchus dentipes as occurring in Xinjiang.
Bruchus loti
Paykull, 1800
Material.
3♀, Xinyuan, Ili, Xinjiang, 43.42°N, 82.26°E, alt. ca 1200 m, 1972.VII, IOZ(E)1016065–1016067.
Distribution.
Algeria, New record for China, Eurasia, Japan, Morocco, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine.
Bruchus pisorum
(L., 1758)
Distribution.
Worldwide.
Remarks.
In this study, we did not find any Bruchus pisorum specimens in Xinjiang, but Yixin (1991) previously recorded Bruchus pisorum as occurring in Xinjiang.
Bruchus rufimanus
Boheman, 1833
Distribution.
Worldwide except Australia.
Remarks.
We did not find any Bruchus rufimanus specimens in Xinjiang; however it was previously recorded as occurring there (Tan and Yu 1980).
Bruchus sibiricus
Germar, 1824
Figures 27–38.
Bruchinae in Xinjiang, dorsal and lateral view. 27–28 Bruchus sibiricus 29–30 Kytorhinus immixtus 31–32 Kytorhinus karasini 33–34 Kytorhinus thermopsis 35–36 Kytorhinus kergoati 37–38 Rhaebus solskyi; black bar = 1 mm.
Material.
1♀1♂, North of Tianshan Mountain, Wuku Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 43.56°N, 87.19°E, alt. ca 1600 m, 1960.VI.11, S.Y. Wang leg., IOZ(E)1045200–1045201.
Distribution.
Azerbaijan, Armenia, China, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkey, Uzbekistan.
Tribe Kytorhinini Bridwell, 1932
Genus Kytorhinus Fischer von Waldheim, 1809
Kytorhinus immixtus
Motschulsky, 1874
Material.
1♂, Pochengzi, Wensu, Aksu, Xinjiang, 41.77°N, 80.99°E, alt. ca 2000 m, 1978.VI.15.
Distribution.
China, Kyrgyzstan, Russia.
Kytorhinus karasini
Fischer, 1809
Material.
1♀, Tianshan Mountain, Fukang, Changji, Xinjiang, 43.95°N, 88.15°E, alt. ca 2150 m, 1957.VII.14, G. Wang leg., IOZ(E)115178; 1♀, Tianshan Mountain, Fukang, Changji, Xinjiang, 43.95°N, 88.40°E, alt. ca 2250 m, 1957.VII.14, G. Wang leg., IOZ(E)107522; 1♀, Zhao Su Xian, Yili, Xinjiang, 42.66°N, 80.18°E, alt. ca 2200 m, 1978.VIII.7, Y.H. Han leg., IOZ(E)1045574; 1♀, Takeshikenzhen, Qinggil, Altay, Xinjiang, 46.18°N, 90.81°E, alt. ca 1110 m, 2013.VII.28, Y. Li leg.
Distribution.
China, Russia.
Kytorhinus kergoati
Delobel & Legalov, 2009
Material.
1♀, Pochengzi, Wensu, Aksu, Xinjiang, 41.77°N, 80.91°E, alt. ca 1930 m, 1978.VI.3, X.Z. Zhang leg., IOZ(E)1045598; 1♀1♂, Tomur peak, Wensu, Aksu, Xinjiang, 41.74°N, 80.58°E, alt. ca 2400 m, 1977.VI.19, C.J. Li leg., IOZ(E)632265–632266; 1♂, Tomur peak, Wensu, Aksu, Xinjiang, 41.81°N, 80.59°E, alt. ca 3200 m, 1977.VII.11, Y.H. Han leg., IOZ(E)632264; 1♂, Tomur peak, Wensu, Aksu, Xinjiang, 41.81°N, 80.59°E, alt. ca 3200 m, 1977.VII.14, C.J. Li leg., IOZ(E)632263; 1♂, Yangbajingzhen, Damxung, Lhasa, Tibet, China, 30.02°N, 90.39°E, alt. ca 4310 m, 1960.VI.2, C.G. Wang leg., IOZ(E)1016165.
Distribution.
New record for China, Tajikistan (Gorno-Badakhshan autonomous province).
Host.
Unknown.
Remarks.
Delobel and Legalov (2009) described this species based on a single male. We examined a female specimen and found that its antennae are serrated and are slightly longer than half of the body length (Fig. 35, 41, 42). Additionally, the elytra of the female are almost yellow, with the exception of a black, elongate triangular area, which extends from the base to one-third of the elytral suture (Fig. 35) corresponding to main distinguishing characters of a single known male of Kytorhinus kergoati.
Kytorhinus thermopsis
Motschulsky, 1874
Material.
1♀, Xinjiang, IOZ(E)115177; 1♀, 6 km northwest of Fuyun, Altay, Xinjiang, 47.14°N, 87.55°E, alt. ca 650 m, 2009.VII.13, X.L. Huang leg.
Distribution.
China, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia.
Tribe Rhaebini Blanchard, 1845
Genus Rhaebus Fischer von Waldheim, 1824
Rhaebus solskyi
Kraatz, 1879
Material.
2♀1♂, Haiziwan Reservo, Shawan, Qoqek, Xinjiang, 44.56°N, 85.78°E, alt. ca 390 m, 1957.VI.9, C.P. Hong leg., IOZ(E)107501–107503; 1♀, Takeshikenzhen, Qinggil, Altay, Xinjiang, 46.18°N, 90.81°E, alt.1110 m, 2013.VII.28, Y. Li leg.
Distribution.
China, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia.
Key to species of Bruchinae in Xinjiang
| 1 | Body completely metallic in color (Fig. 37); hind trochanters extremely enlarged (Fig. 47); hind femur with 3–8 small, evenly spaced spines on ventral side (Fig. 48) | Rhaebus solskyi |
| – | Body not metallic in color; hind trochanters small; hind femur without 3–8 small, evenly spaced spines on ventral side | 2 |
| 2 | Antennae sexually dimorphic, male antennae strongly serrate (Fig. 39) or pectinate (Fig. 41), female antennae moderately serrate (Figs 40, 42); 3 last abdominal tergites (including pygidium) exposed behind the elytra (Figs 29, 31, 33, 35) | 3 |
| – | Antennae not sexually dimorphic, sometimes male and female antennae with different color; only pygidium exposed behind the elytra (Figs 62–67) | 6 |
| 3 | Elytra integument with single color (Figs 29, 33) | 4 |
| – | Elytra integument with two colors (Figs 31, 35) | 5 |
| 4 | Antennae, legs and elytra integument yellow (Fig. 29); eyes large and separated by 0.2 times head width including eyes (Fig. 43) | Kytorhinus immixtus |
| – | Antennae and legs reddish brown, elytra integument black (Fig. 33); eyes medium-sized and separated by 0.4 times head width including eyes (Fig. 44) | Kytorhinus thermopsis |
| 5 | Antennae and legs black, elytra integument almost yellow except by black basal area elongated, triangular (Fig. 35) | Kytorhinus kergoati |
| – | Body almost black, only apex of elytra red (Fig. 31) | Kytorhinus karasini |
| 6 | Lateral pronotal margins with tubercle (maybe obscured by setae) (Figs 45, 46); mesotibia at apex in male with apical spines or figs (Figs 52–58) | 7 |
| – | Lateral pronotal margins smooth without tubercle; mesotibia at apex in male without apical spines or figs | 13 |
| 7 | Elytra without white or brown setae; body almost black, only 4 basal antennal segments and fore legs reddish orange | Bruchus loti |
| – | Elytra with white or brown setae (Figs 15–28); body not almost black | 8 |
| 8 | Metatibia with mucro longer than lateral denticle (Figs 60, 61) | 9 |
| – | Metatibia with mucro shorter than lateral denticle (Fig. 59) | 10 |
| 9 | Four basal antennomeres, protibia and tarsi, part or all of mesotibia, and tarsi reddish orange; hind femur with long external tooth near apex; mesotibia at apex in male as Fig. 56 | Bruchus pisorum |
| – | Five basal antennomeres reddish orange and rest black in female, antenna all reddish orange in male; hind femur with blunt external tooth near apex; mesotibia at apex in male as Fig. 58 | Bruchus sibiricus |
| 10 | Pygidium with white or brown, dense and long setae, with 2 subapical black spots (sometimes subapical spots indistinct as in Bruchus rufimanus) (Fig. 62); mesotibia at apex in male as Fig. 52, 54 or 57 | 11 |
| – | Pygidium with gray, sparse and short setae, without subapical spot (Fig. 63); mesotibia at apex in male as Fig. 53 | Bruchus atomarius |
| 11 | Lateral pronotal margin with denticle at midpoint (Fig. 46); mesotibia at apex in male as Fig. 54 or 57 | 12 |
| – | Lateral pronotal margin with denticle at 1/3 near apex (Fig. 45); mesotibia at apex in male as Fig. 52 | Bruchus affinis |
| 12 | Lateral pronotal margin with prominent and sharp denticle; elytra with 3 rows of white stripes; pygidium with 2 distinct black subapical spots; mesotibia at apex in male as Fig. 54 | Bruchus dentipes |
| – | Lateral pronotal margin with blunt denticle; elytra varying from pattern of white spots on black background with short, yellowish brown stripes to variably distributed white spots; pygidium with 2 indistinct black subapical spots (Fig. 62); mesotibia at apex in male as Fig. 57 | Bruchus rufimanus |
| 13 | Body ovate; metatibia with 2 conspicuous apical spurs (Fig. 2); pronotum lateral margins complete | Spermophagus sericeus |
| – | Body suboval; metatibia without apical spur; pronotum lateral margins absent in apical half at least | 14 |
| 14 | Hind femur with teeth both on inner and outer margins of ventral sulci (Figs 50, 51), sometimes denticle on distal margin blunt; posterior margin of pronotum bilobed at junction with scutellum and feebly gibbose there (Figs 9, 11) | 15 |
| – | Hind femur with outer margin of ventral sulci edentate; posterior margin of pronotum without feeble gibbose there | 16 |
| 15 | Elytral striae 3 and 4 each with prominent subbasal denticles on slight gibbose, antennae serrate in male | Callosobruchus chinensis |
| – | Elytral striae extending to basal margin without prominent denticles or gibbose, antennae smooth linear in male | Callosobruchus maculatus |
| 16 | Hind femur ventrally with 3 distinct preapical teeth on inner margins of ventral sulci, proximal tooth much larger than others (Fig. 49) | Acanthoscelides pallidipennis |
| – | Hind femur ventrally edentate or with 1 preapical tooth in internal margins of ventral sulci | 17 |
| 17 | Pygidium immaculate in male (Fig. 66) and with a pair of dark patches in female (Fig. 67) | Megabruchidius dorsalis |
| – | Pygidium without patches | 18 |
| 18 | Pronotum covered with orange pubescence (Fig. 7); pygidium tuberculate in female and smooth in male (Figs 64, 65) | Bruchidius tuberculicauda |
| – | Pronotum covered with white pubescence (Fig. 5); pygidium not tuberculate | Bruchidius apicipennis |
Discussion
Chinese literature on Bruchinae is out-of-date because of the recent changes in generic and tribal classification and description of new species (Borowiec 1987, Bouchard et al. 2011, Delobel and Legalov 2009). The majority of seed-beetle species in Xinjiang belong to the genera Bruchus and Kytorhinus. Of these, four species in this study are new records for China. These are Bruchus affinis, Bruchus atomarius, Bruchus loti and Kytorhinus kergoati. The first three have a wide distribution in the Palearctic Region. Only Kytorhinus kergoati has been recorded in Tajikistan. Most of the new Bruchinae distribution records are found near the border. Acanthoscelides pallidipennis, Callosobruchus chinensis and Callosobruchus maculatus are adventive species, so the extended human activity in Xinjiang is probably responsible for the beetle’s extended distribution in this area too. Bruchidius apicipennis, Bruchidius tuberculicauda, Megabruchidius dorsalis, Rhaebus solskyi and Spermophagus sericeus appear to be eurytopic species found in a wide variety of habitats of the Palearctic Region.
The Bruchinae of Xinjiang remain relatively poorly investigated and it is likely that many additional species can still be found in the region. Further fieldwork is required to ascertain if the paucity of data is due to a genuinely small number of species, or the result of insufficient collection efforts.
Supplementary Material
Acknowledgement
We are grateful to Dr. Liu Ning, Dr. Ren Li, Dr. Jens Prena and Mr. Yao Jian (Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Science) for their help in many ways. We also thank Mr. Wang Jian, the director of Altay Forestry Science Research Institute, for providing host plant data in this study. Thanks to Prof. Jin Daochao, Prof. Li Zizhong and Dr. Yi Tianci (Guizhou University) for their guidance on taxonomy. This research was supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (31210103909/31172130//J1210002) and Animal Fauna Exploration of Altay, Border of China, Kazakhstan, Mongolia and Russia (2013FY110300).
Citation
Li Y, Wang Z, Guo J, Nápoles JR, Ji Y, Jiang C, Zhang R (2014) Contribution to the knowledge of seed-beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae) in Xinjiang, China. ZooKeys 466: 13–28. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.466.7283
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