PYDs with known NMR or crystal structure are shown as Ribbon diagram and Electrostatic surface representation. The left panel of each PYD (including ribbon and surface) are shown in the same orientation. The right panels of the each PYD is rotated by 180° along the vertical axis. α helices in the Ribbon diagram are shaded in orange (α1), green (α2), yellow (α3), purple (α4), cyan (α5), and magenta (α6). The electrostatic charge surfaces are displayed on a scale of -4 kT/e (red) to 4 kT/e (blue). Notable are the lack of α3 in the NLRP1-PYD, the strongly negatively charged surface in NLRP7, the fused α5–α6 helix in the NLRP14-PYD and the extended α6 helix in the AIM2-PYD. NLRP1-PYD (PDB: 1PN5) [42], NLRP3-PYD (PDB: 3QF2) [18], NLRP4-PYD (PDB: 4EWI) [46], NLRP7-PYD (PDB: 2KM6) [45], NLRP10-PYD (PDB: 2M5V), NLRP12-PYD (PDB: 2L6A) [47], NLRP14-PYD (PDB: 4N1J) [49], AIM2-PYD (PDB: 3VD8) [50], ASC-PYD (PDB: 1UCP) [43], POP1-PYD (PDB: 2HM2) [44, 98, 99].