Abstract
The ototoxic potentials of two aminoglycoside antibiotics, amikacin and gentamicin, were compared in cats, using several otoxicity assessment techniques. Daily subcutaneous doses of 90 and 45 mg of amikacin per kg and 18 and 9 mg of gentamicin per kg (approximately six and three times the daily human dose) were administered to cats for extended periods of time until cochlear or vestibular dysfunction developed. Renal tissue damage and serum and perilymph antibiotic concentrations were also monitored. Amikacin selectively produced an impairment of cochlear function after an approximate cumulative dose of 3,600 mg/kg obtained after 41 days at 90 mg/kg per day or 78 days at 45 mg/kg per day, as determined by electrophysiological assessment. Gentamicin caused an impairment of vestibular function after an approximate cumulative dose of 700 mg/kg obtained after 42 days at 18 mg/kg per day or 68 days at 9 mg/kg per day, as determined by ataxia and impaired righting reflex. Gentamicin also moderately reduced electrophysiological cochlear responses and appeared to cause histological renal tissue change more frequently than did amikacin.
Full text
PDF
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Dayal V. S., Whitehead G. L., Smith E. L. Gentamicin - Progressive cochlear toxicity. Can J Otolaryngol. 1975;4(2):348–351. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Federspil P. De l'augmentation de l'ototoxicité streptomycinique par les processus de l'oreille moyenne. Ann Otolaryngol Chir Cervicofac. 1974 Jan;91(1):41–49. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hawkins J. E., Jr, Johnsson L. G., Aran J. M. Comparative tests of gentamicin ototoxicity. J Infect Dis. 1969 Apr-May;119(4):417–431. doi: 10.1093/infdis/119.4-5.417. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jackson G. G., Arcieri G. Ototoxicity of gentamicin in man: a survey and controlled analysis of clinical experience in the United States. J Infect Dis. 1971 Dec;124 (Suppl):S130–S137. doi: 10.1093/infdis/124.supplement_1.s130. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McGee T. M., Webster J., Williams M. Histological and function changes in the ears of cats after subcutaneous administration of gentamicin. J Infect Dis. 1969 Apr-May;119(4):432–442. doi: 10.1093/infdis/119.4-5.432. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Meyers R. M. Ototoxic effects of gentamicin. Arch Otolaryngol. 1970 Aug;92(2):160–162. doi: 10.1001/archotol.1970.04310020058014. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Price K. E., Chisholm D. R., Misiek M., Leitner F., Tsai Y. H. Microbiological evaluation of BB-K 8, a new semisynthetic aminoglycoside. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1972 Dec;25(12):709–731. doi: 10.7164/antibiotics.25.709. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Reiffenstein J. C., Holmes S. W., Hottendorf G. H., Bierwagen M. E. Ototoxicity studies with BB-K8, a new semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1973 Feb;26(2):94–100. doi: 10.7164/antibiotics.26.94. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Vernier V. G., Alleva F. R. The bioassay of kanamycin auditory toxicity. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. 1968 Nov;176(1):59–73. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Waitz J. A., Moss E. L., Jr, Weinstein M. J. Aspects of the chronic toxicity of gentamicin sulfate in cats. J Infect Dis. 1971 Dec;124 (Suppl):S125–S129. doi: 10.1093/infdis/124.supplement_1.s125. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]