Skip to main content
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1977 Mar;74(3):966–970. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.3.966

Minimal length of the lactose operator sequence for the specific recognition by the lactose repressor.

C P Bahl, R Wu, J Stawinsky, S A Narang
PMCID: PMC430549  PMID: 265588

Abstract

A number of specific duplex DNA sequences which correspond to varying lengths of the lactose operator region have been synthesized by a combination of chemical and enzymatic methods. Repressor binding studies on these synthetic duplex operator molecules show that all the nucleotides essential for full lactose operator-repressor interactions are included in a 17-nucleotide-long duplex DNA that constitutes the minimal recognition sequence for this DNA-protein interaction.

Full text

PDF
966

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bahl C. P., Marians K. J., Wu R. A general method for inserting specific DNA sequences into cloning vehicles. Gene. 1976;1(1):81–92. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(76)90008-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bahl C. P., Wu R., Itakura K., Katagiri N., Narang S. A. Chemical and enzymatic synthesis of lactose operator of Escherichia coli and its binding to lactose repressor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Jan;73(1):91–94. doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.1.91. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Dickson R. C., Abelson J., Barnes W. M., Reznikoff W. S. Genetic regulation: the Lac control region. Science. 1975 Jan 10;187(4171):27–35. doi: 10.1126/science.1088926. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Dykes G., Bambara R., Marians K., Wu R. On the statistical significance of primary structural features found in DNA-protein interaction sites. Nucleic Acids Res. 1975 Mar;2(3):327–345. doi: 10.1093/nar/2.3.327. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Gilbert W., Maxam A. The nucleotide sequence of the lac operator. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1973 Dec;70(12):3581–3584. doi: 10.1073/pnas.70.12.3581. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Gilbert W., Müller-Hill B. Isolation of the lac repressor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1966 Dec;56(6):1891–1898. doi: 10.1073/pnas.56.6.1891. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Heyneker H. L., Shine J., Goodman H. M., Boyer H. W., Rosenberg J., Dickerson R. E., Narang S. A., Itakura K., Lin S., Riggs A. D. Synthetic lac operator DNA is functional in vivo. Nature. 1976 Oct 28;263(5580):748–752. doi: 10.1038/263748a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Itakura K., Katagiri N., Bahl C. P., Wightman R. H., Narang S. A. Improved triester approach for the synthesis of pentadecathymidylic acid. J Am Chem Soc. 1975 Dec 10;97(25):7327–7332. doi: 10.1021/ja00858a020. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Itakura K., Katagiri N., Narang S. A., Bahl C. P., Marians K. J., Wu R. Chemical synthesis and sequence studies of deoxyribooligonucleotides which constitute the duplex sequence of the lactose operator of Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem. 1975 Jun 25;250(12):4592–4600. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. JACOB F., MONOD J. Genetic regulatory mechanisms in the synthesis of proteins. J Mol Biol. 1961 Jun;3:318–356. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(61)80072-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Jay E., Bambara R., Padmanabhan R., Wu R. DNA sequence analysis: a general, simple and rapid method for sequencing large oligodeoxyribonucleotide fragments by mapping. Nucleic Acids Res. 1974 Mar;1(3):331–353. doi: 10.1093/nar/1.3.331. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Katagiri N., Itakura K., Narang S. A. The use of arylsulfonyltriazoles for the synthesis of oligonucleotides by the triester approach. J Am Chem Soc. 1975 Dec 10;97(25):7332–7337. doi: 10.1021/ja00858a021. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Marians K. J., Brooker J. D. Structure of the lactose operator. Nature. 1976 Mar 25;260(5549):360–363. doi: 10.1038/260360a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Marians K. J., Wu R., Stawinski J., Hozumi T., Narang S. A. Cloned synthetic lac operator DNA is biologically active. Nature. 1976 Oct 28;263(5580):744–748. doi: 10.1038/263744a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Panet A., van de Sande J. H., Loewen P. C., Khorana H. G., Raae A. J., Lillehaug J. R., Kleppe K. Physical characterization and simultaneous purification of bacteriophage T4 induced polynucleotide kinase, polynucleotide ligase, and deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase. Biochemistry. 1973 Dec 4;12(25):5045–5050. doi: 10.1021/bi00749a003. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Patel D. J. The predicted secondary structure of the N-terminal sequence of the lac repressor and proposed models for its complexation to the lac operator. Biochemistry. 1975 Mar 11;14(5):1057–1059. doi: 10.1021/bi00676a027. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Platt T., Files J. G., Weber K. Lac repressor. Specific proteolytic destruction of the NH 2 -terminal region and loss of the deoxyribonucleic acid-binding activity. J Biol Chem. 1973 Jan 10;248(1):110–121. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Riggs A. D., Suzuki H., Bourgeois S. Lac repressor-operator interaction. I. Equilibrium studies. J Mol Biol. 1970 Feb 28;48(1):67–83. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(70)90219-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Sgaramella V., Van de Sande J. H., Khorana H. G. Studies on polynucleotides, C. A novel joining reaction catalyzed by the T4-polynucleotide ligase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1970 Nov;67(3):1468–1475. doi: 10.1073/pnas.67.3.1468. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Temin H. M., Baltimore D. RNA-directed DNA synthesis and RNA tumor viruses. Adv Virus Res. 1972;17:129–186. doi: 10.1016/s0065-3527(08)60749-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Tu C. P., Jay E., Bahl C. P., Wu R. A reliable mapping method for sequence determination of oligodeoxyribonucleotides by mobility shift analysis. Anal Biochem. 1976 Jul;74(1):73–93. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(76)90311-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Weiss B., Jacquemin-Sablon A., Live T. R., Fareed G. C., Richardson C. C. Enzymatic breakage and joining of deoxyribonucleic acid. VI. Further purification and properties of polynucleotide ligase from Escherichia coli infected with bacteriophage T4. J Biol Chem. 1968 Sep 10;243(17):4543–4555. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Wu R. Nucleotide sequence analysis of DNA. I. Partial sequence of the cohesive ends of bacteriophage lambda and 186 DNA. J Mol Biol. 1970 Aug;51(3):501–521. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(70)90004-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES