Abstract
The mechanism of nuclear DNA replication in radicles of germinating cotton (Gossypium barbadense) was investigated. Pulse-labeling with [3H]thymidine indicates that replication intermediates are of small molecular weight (4-10S) and behave as if single-stranded. Prolonged labeling indicates that intermediates are of discrete size, suggesting a mechanism of discontinuous replication. Electron microscopy of nuclear DNA demonstrates a complex architecture which may include “eye forms” and “forks” similar to those reported in prokaryotes and animal systems. The possible universality of DNA replication mechanisms is discussed.
Keywords: discontinuous DNA replication, electron microscopy, Okazaki fragments, eye forms
Full text
PDF



Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Benbow R. M., Ford C. C. Cytoplasmic control of nuclear DNA synthesis during early development of Xenopus laevis: a cell-free assay. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Jun;72(6):2437–2441. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.6.2437. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
 - Brunk C. F., Leick V. Rapid equilibrium isopycnic CsC1 gradients. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1969 Mar 18;179(1):136–144. doi: 10.1016/0005-2787(69)90129-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
 - Burgoyne L. A. Deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in mammalian systems. Permealysed Ehrlich ascites cells in vitro first label Okazaki-type low-molecular-weight deoxyribonucleic acid and then high-molecular-weight deoxyribonucleic acid. Biochem J. 1972 Dec;130(4):959–964. doi: 10.1042/bj1300959. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
 - Clay W. F., Katterman F. R., Bartels P. G. Chromatin and DNA synthesis associated with nuclear membrane in germinating cotton. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Aug;72(8):3134–3138. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.8.3134. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
 - Clay W. F., Katterman F. R., Hammett J. R. Nucleic Acid Metabolism during Germination of Pima Cotton (Gossypium barbadense). Plant Physiol. 1975 Feb;55(2):231–236. doi: 10.1104/pp.55.2.231. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
 - Fox R. M., Mendelsohn J., Barbosa E., Goulian M. RNA in nascent DNA from cultured human lymphocytes. Nat New Biol. 1973 Oct 24;245(147):234–237. doi: 10.1038/newbio245234a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
 - Friedman D. L. On the mechanism of DNA replication in isolated nuclei from HeLa cells. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1974 Jul 24;353(4):447–462. doi: 10.1016/0005-2787(74)90051-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
 - Funderud S., Haugli F. DNA replication in Physarum polycephalum: characterization of replication products in vivo. Nucleic Acids Res. 1975 Aug;2(8):1381–1390. doi: 10.1093/nar/2.8.1381. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
 - Goldstein N. O., Rutman R. J. In vivo discontinuous DNA synthesis in Ehrlich ascites tumours. Nat New Biol. 1973 Aug 29;244(139):267–269. doi: 10.1038/newbio244267a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
 - Housman D., Huberman J. A. Changes in the rate of DNA replication fork movement during S phase in mammalian cells. J Mol Biol. 1975 May 15;94(2):173–181. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(75)90076-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
 - Huberman J. A., Riggs A. D. On the mechanism of DNA replication in mammalian chromosomes. J Mol Biol. 1968 Mar 14;32(2):327–341. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(68)90013-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
 - Huberman J. A., Tsai A. Direction of DNA replication in mammalian cells. J Mol Biol. 1973 Mar 25;75(1):5–12. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(73)90525-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
 - Ioannou P. General model for the replication of double stranded DNA molecules. Nat New Biol. 1973 Aug 29;244(139):257–260. doi: 10.1038/newbio244257a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
 - Katterman F. R., Clay W. F. Size and specific radioactivity of the [h]thymidine triphosphate pool and DNA synthesis in the radicles of germinating cotton. Plant Physiol. 1975 Oct;56(4):523–525. doi: 10.1104/pp.56.4.523. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
 - Kee S. G., Haber J. E. Cell cycle-dependent induction of mutations along a yeast chromosome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Mar;72(3):1179–1183. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.3.1179. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
 - Kriegstein H. J., Hogness D. S. Mechanism of DNA replication in Drosophila chromosomes: structure of replication forks and evidence for bidirectionality. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Jan;71(1):135–139. doi: 10.1073/pnas.71.1.135. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
 - Krokan H., Cooke L., Prydz H. DNA synthesis in isolated HeLa cell nuclei. Evidence for in vitro initiation of synthesis of small pieces of DNA and their subsequent ligation. Biochemistry. 1975 Sep 23;14(19):4233–4237. doi: 10.1021/bi00690a013. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
 - Lovett M. A., Sparks R. B., Helinski D. R. Bidirectional replication of plasmid R6K DNA in Escherichia coli; correspondence between origin of replication and position of single-strand break in relaxed complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Aug;72(8):2905–2909. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.8.2905. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
 - MIYAZAWA Y., THOMAS C. A., Jr NUCLEOTIDE COMPOSITION OF SHORT SEGMENTS OF DNA MOLECULES. J Mol Biol. 1965 Feb;11:223–237. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(65)80053-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
 - Martinson H. G., Wagenaar E. B. Thermal elution chromatography and the resolution of nucleic acids on hydroxylapatite. Anal Biochem. 1974 Sep;61(1):144–154. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(74)90341-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
 - McGhee J. D., Engel J. D. Subunit structure of chromatin is the same in plants and animals. Nature. 1975 Apr 3;254(5499):449–450. doi: 10.1038/254449a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
 - Okazaki R., Sugimoto K., Okazaki T., Imae Y., Sugino A. DNA chain growth: in vivo and in vitro synthesis in a DNA polymerase-negative mutant of E. coli. Nature. 1970 Oct 17;228(5268):223–226. doi: 10.1038/228223a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
 - Sakamaki T., Fukuei K., Takahashi N., Tanifuji S. Rapidly labeled intermediates in DNA replication in higher plants. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1975 Jul 7;395(3):314–321. doi: 10.1016/0005-2787(75)90202-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
 - Schandl E. K., Taylor J. H. Early events in the replication and integration of DNA into mammalian chromosomes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1969 Feb 7;34(3):291–300. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(69)90830-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
 - Simchen G., Friedmann A. Structure of DNA molecules in yeast meiosis. Nature. 1975 Sep 4;257(5521):64–66. doi: 10.1038/257064a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
 - Van't Hof J. DNA fiber replication in chromosomes of a higher plant (Pisum sativum). Exp Cell Res. 1975 Jun;93(1):95–104. doi: 10.1016/0014-4827(75)90427-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
 - Wanka F. Separation of rapidly labeled intermediates of DNA synthesis in mammalian cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1973 Oct 15;54(4):1410–1417. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(73)91143-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
 

