(A) Conventional HRFs and (B) frequency responses; (C) Simulated RS-HRFs and (D) frequency responses; (E, F) BOLD signal amplitudes (fitted slopes, BOLD-like contrast only) vs. frequency estimated from experimental data for DMN and ECN, respectively, normalized by the maximum amplitude of subject mean. As predicted, BOLD signal amplitudes dropped dramatically with frequency, but were still nonzero at the highest frequency (0.5 Hz).