Skip to main content
PMC home page
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1977 Nov;74(11):5065–5068. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.11.5065

Domains involving nonrandom distribution of lipopolysaccharide in the outer membrane of Escherichia coli.

L Leive
PMCID: PMC432099  PMID: 337309

Abstract

The present data demonstrate that the outer membrane of Escherichia coli contains domains of lipopolysaccharide that do not intermix freely with each other. A strain of E. coli lacking galactose epimerase was grown with galactose, for varying periods of time, which permits formation of a long polysaccharide, and without galactose, which results in a short polysaccharide. Such cultures yielded outer membrane fragments that were heterogeneous in lipopolysaccharide composition, some containing more long- than short-chain lipopolysaccharide, and vice versa. The kinetics of formation of these fragments suggest that lipopolysaccharide initially enters the membrane at points from which it can diffuse but ultimately is organized into domains that do not mix with each other, at least when lipopolysaccharides or different composition are present in the same organism.

Full text

PDF
5065

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Ames G. F., Spudich E. N., Nikaido H. Protein composition of the outer membrane of Salmonella typhimurium: effect of lipopolysaccharide mutations. J Bacteriol. 1974 Feb;117(2):406–416. doi: 10.1128/jb.117.2.406-416.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bayer M. E. Ultrastructure and organization of the bacterial envelope. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1974 May 10;235(0):6–28. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1974.tb43254.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Begg K. J., Doanachie W. D. Growth of the Escherichia coli cell surface. J Bacteriol. 1977 Mar;129(3):1524–1536. doi: 10.1128/jb.129.3.1524-1536.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Cheng S., Thomas J. K., Kulpa C. F. Dynamics of pyrene fluorescence in Escherichia coli membrane vesicles. Biochemistry. 1974 Mar 12;13(6):1135–1139. doi: 10.1021/bi00703a013. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Dea I. C., McKinnon A. A., Rees D. A. Tertiary and quaternary structure in aqueous polysaccharide systems which model cell wall cohesion: reversible changes in conformation and association of agarose, carrageenan and galactomannans. J Mol Biol. 1972 Jul 14;68(1):153–172. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(72)90270-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Kulpa C. F., Jr, Leive L. Mode of insertion of lipopolysaccharide into the outer membrane of escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1976 Apr;126(1):467–477. doi: 10.1128/jb.126.1.467-477.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Levy S. B., Leive L. An equilibrium between two fractions of lipopolysaccharide in Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1968 Dec;61(4):1435–1439. doi: 10.1073/pnas.61.4.1435. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Moldow C., Robertson J., Rothfield L. Purification of bacterial membrane proteins. The use of guanidinium thiocyanate and urea. J Membr Biol. 1972;10(2):137–152. doi: 10.1007/BF01867850. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Morrison D. C., Leive L. Fractions of lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli O111:B4 prepared by two extraction procedures. J Biol Chem. 1975 Apr 25;250(8):2911–2919. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Mühlradt P. F., Menzel J., Golecki J. R., Speth V. Lateral mobility and surface density of lipopolysaccharide in the outer membrane of Salmonella typhimurium. Eur J Biochem. 1974 Apr 16;43(3):533–539. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03440.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Mühlradt P. F., Menzel J., Golecki J. R., Speth V. Outer membrane of salmonella. Sites of export of newly synthesised lipopolysaccharide on the bacterial surface. Eur J Biochem. 1973 Jun 15;35(3):471–481. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1973.tb02861.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Nikaido H., Takeuchi Y., Ohnishi S. I., Nakae T. Outer membrane of Salmonella typhimurium. Electron spin resonance studies. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1977 Feb 14;465(1):152–164. doi: 10.1016/0005-2736(77)90363-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Osborn M. J., Gander J. E., Parisi E., Carson J. Mechanism of assembly of the outer membrane of Salmonella typhimurium. Isolation and characterization of cytoplasmic and outer membrane. J Biol Chem. 1972 Jun 25;247(12):3962–3972. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Overath P., Brenner M., Gulik-Krzywicki T., Shechter E., Letellier L. Lipid phase transitions in cytoplasmic and outer membranes of Escherichia coli. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1975 May 6;389(2):358–369. doi: 10.1016/0005-2736(75)90328-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Rottem S., Hasin M., Razin S. The outer membrane of Proteus mirabilis. II. The extractable lipid fraction and electron-paramagnetic resonance analysis of the outer and cytoplasmic membranes. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1975 Feb 14;375(3):395–405. doi: 10.1016/0005-2736(75)90355-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Rottem S., Leive L. Effect of variations in lipopolysaccharide on the fluidity of the outer membrane of Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem. 1977 Mar 25;252(6):2077–2081. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Schnaitman C. A. Effect of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, Triton X-100, and lysozyme on the morphology and chemical composition of isolate cell walls of Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1971 Oct;108(1):553–563. doi: 10.1128/jb.108.1.553-563.1971. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Schnaitman C. A. Outer membrane proteins of Escherichia coli. IV. Differences in outer membrane proteins due to strain and cultural differences. J Bacteriol. 1974 May;118(2):454–464. doi: 10.1128/jb.118.2.454-464.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. White D. A., Lennarz W. J., Schnaitman C. A. Distribution of lipids in the wall and cytoplasmic membrane subfractions of the cell envelope of Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1972 Feb;109(2):686–690. doi: 10.1128/jb.109.2.686-690.1972. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Yu F., Mizushima S. Stimulation by lipopolysaccharide of the binding of outer membrane proteins O-8 and O-9 to the peptidoglycan layer of Escherichia coli K--12. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1977 Feb 21;74(4):1397–1402. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(77)90597-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES