Fig. 1.

(A) Reductive extraction of human hair results in the reduced form of keratin known as kerateine. Further purification separates α and γ fractions of the kerateine extracts which can be freeze-dried and reconstituted to form a number of biomaterials including injectable hydrogels, which can be further processed into freeze-dried scaffolds (SEM images of hair reproduced with permission from de Guzman et al. [16]). (B) FE-SEM internal structure of a kerateine scaffold at 250× magnification.