Abstract
Purified Newcastle disease virus contains an enzyme that incorporates the methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine into RNA synthesized in vitro by the virion-associated RNA polymerase (RNA nucleotidyltransferase). Incorporation of radioactivity from S-adenosyl-L-[methyl-3H]methionine was totally dependent upon RNA synthesis. The methylation reaction was completely inhibited by S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine, suggesting the transfer of only the methyl group of S-adenosyl-methionine to RNA products. Velocity sedimentation and hybridization of the in vitro product RNA indicated that both [3H]methyl and [32P]GMP labels resided in single-stranded 18S RNA molecules which were virus specific. Approximately 1 to 2 methyl groups were incorporated per RNA molecule. DEAE-cellulose chromatography of product RNA after alkaline hydrolysis suggested that the 5' terminus was the site of methylation.
Full text
PDF




Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Attardi G., Amaldi F. Structure and synthesis of ribosomal RNA. Annu Rev Biochem. 1970;39:183–226. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.39.070170.001151. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Banerjee A. K., Shatkin A. J. Guanosine-5'-diphosphate at the 5' termini of reovirus RNA: evidence for a segmented genome within the virion. J Mol Biol. 1971 Nov 14;61(3):643–653. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(71)90069-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bishop D. H., Mills D. R., Spiegelman S. The sequence at the 5' terminus of a self-replicating variant of viral Q-beta ribonucleic acid. Biochemistry. 1968 Oct;7(10):3744–3753. doi: 10.1021/bi00850a056. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Blair C. D., Robinson W. S. Replication of Sendai virus. I. Comparison of the viral RNA and virus-specific RNA synthesis with Newcastle disease virus. Virology. 1968 Aug;35(4):537–549. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(68)90284-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Both G. W., Banerjee A. K., Shatkin A. J. Methylation-dependent translation of viral messenger RNAs in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Mar;72(3):1189–1193. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.3.1189. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chang S. H., Hefti E., Obijeski J. F., Bishop D. H. RNA transcription by the virion polymerases of five rhabdoviruses. J Virol. 1974 Mar;13(3):652–661. doi: 10.1128/jvi.13.3.652-661.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chi Y. Y., Bassel A. R. Electron microscopy of viral RNA: molecular weight determination of bacterial and animal virus RNAs. J Virol. 1974 Jun;13(6):1194–1199. doi: 10.1128/jvi.13.6.1194-1199.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Collins B. S., Bratt M. A. Separation of the messenger RNAs of Newcastle disease virus by gel electrophoresis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1973 Sep;70(9):2544–2548. doi: 10.1073/pnas.70.9.2544. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Desrosiers R., Friderici K., Rottman F. Identification of methylated nucleosides in messenger RNA from Novikoff hepatoma cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Oct;71(10):3971–3975. doi: 10.1073/pnas.71.10.3971. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Duesberg P. H. Physical properties of Rous Sarcoma Virus RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1968 Aug;60(4):1511–1518. doi: 10.1073/pnas.60.4.1511. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dunlap B. E., Friderici K. H., Rottman F. 2'-O-Methyl polynucleotides as templates for cell-free amino acid incorporation. Biochemistry. 1971 Jun 22;10(13):2581–2587. doi: 10.1021/bi00789a026. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Faust M., Millward S. In vitro methylation of nascent reovirus mRNA by a virion-associated methyl transferase. Nucleic Acids Res. 1974 Dec;1(12):1739–1752. doi: 10.1093/nar/1.12.1739. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Furuichi Y. "Methylation-coupled" transcription by virus-associated transcriptase of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus containing double-stranded RNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 1974 Jun;1(6):809–822. doi: 10.1093/nar/1.6.809. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Furuichi Y., Miura K. A blocked structure at the 5' terminus of mRNA from cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus. Nature. 1975 Jan 31;253(5490):374–375. doi: 10.1038/253374a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Furuichi Y., Morgan M., Muthukrishnan S., Shatkin A. J. Reovirus messenger RNA contains a methylated, blocked 5'-terminal structure: m-7G(5')ppp(5')G-MpCp-. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Jan;72(1):362–366. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.1.362. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GOLD M., HURWITZ J. THE ENZYMATIC METHYLATION OF RIBONUCLEIC ACID AND DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID. V. PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF THE DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID-METHYLATING ACTIVITY OF ESCHERICHIA COLI. J Biol Chem. 1964 Nov;239:3858–3865. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GRANOFF A. Studies on mixed infection with Newcastle disease virus. I. Isolation of Newcastle disease virus mutants and tests for genetic recombination between them. Virology. 1959 Dec;9:636–648. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(59)90154-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HURWITZ J., GOLD M., ANDERS M. THE ENZYMATIC METHYLATION OF RIBONUCLEIC ACID AND DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID. IV. THE PROPERTIES OF THE SOLUBLE RIBONUCLEIC ACID-METHYLATING ENZYMES. J Biol Chem. 1964 Oct;239:3474–3482. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Huang A. S., Baltimore D., Bratt M. A. Ribonucleic acid polymerase in virions of Newcastle disease virus: comparison with the vesicular stomatitis virus polymerase. J Virol. 1971 Mar;7(3):389–394. doi: 10.1128/jvi.7.3.389-394.1971. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kingsbury D. W. Cell-free translation of paramyxovirus messenger RNA. J Virol. 1973 Nov;12(5):1020–1027. doi: 10.1128/jvi.12.5.1020-1027.1973. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kingsbury D. W. Newcastle disease virus RNA. I. Isolation and preliminary characterization of RNA from virus particles. J Mol Biol. 1966 Jun;18(1):195–203. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(66)80085-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kingsbury D. W. Newcastle disease virus RNA. II. Preferential synthesis of RNA complementary to parental viral RNA by chick embryo cells. J Mol Biol. 1966 Jun;18(1):204–214. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(66)80086-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kingsbury D. W., Portner A., Darlington R. W. Properties of incomplete Sendai virions and subgenomic viral RNAs. Virology. 1970 Dec;42(4):857–871. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(70)90335-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Krauter K. M., Consigli R. A. Effects of methionine deprivation of Newcastle disease virus in chicken embryo cells. Am J Vet Res. 1974 Jul;35(7):985–995. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lee S. Y., Mendecki J., Brawerman G. A polynucleotide segment rich in adenylic acid in the rapidly-labeled polyribosomal RNA component of mouse sarcoma 180 ascites cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1971 Jun;68(6):1331–1335. doi: 10.1073/pnas.68.6.1331. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Miura K., Watanabe K., Sugiura M., Shatkin A. J. The 5'-terminal nucleotide sequences of the double-stranded RNA of human reovirus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Oct;71(10):3979–3983. doi: 10.1073/pnas.71.10.3979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Obijeski J. F., Marchenko A. T., Bishop D. H., Cann B. W., Murphy F. A. Comparative electrophoretic analysis of the virus proteins of four rhabdoviruses. J Gen Virol. 1974 Jan;22(1):21–33. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-22-1-21. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Portner A., Kingsbury D. W. Identification of transcriptive and replicative intermediates in Sendai virus-infected cells. Virology. 1972 Mar;47(3):711–725. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(72)90561-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Price A. R., Rottman F. 2'-O-methyloligoadenylates as templates for the binding of lysyl transfer ribonucleic acid to ribosomes. Biochemistry. 1970 Nov 10;9(23):4524–4529. doi: 10.1021/bi00825a011. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rhodes D. P., Moyer S. A., Banerjee A. K. In vitro synthesis of methylated messenger RNA by the virion-associated RNA polymerase of vesicular stomatitis virus. Cell. 1974 Dec;3(4):327–333. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(74)90046-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Robinson W. S. Sendai virus RNA synthesis and nucleocapsid formation in the presence of cycloheximide. Virology. 1971 Jun;44(3):494–502. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(71)90362-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rottman F., Shatkin A. J., Perry R. P. Sequences containing methylated nucleotides at the 5' termini of messenger RNAs: possible implications for processing. Cell. 1974 Nov;3(3):197–199. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(74)90131-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Roy P., Bishop D. H. Initiation and direction of RNA transcription by vesicular stomatitis virus virion transcriptase. J Virol. 1973 Apr;11(4):487–501. doi: 10.1128/jvi.11.4.487-501.1973. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shatkin A. J. Methylated messenger RNA synthesis in vitro by purified reovirus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Aug;71(8):3204–3207. doi: 10.1073/pnas.71.8.3204. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stone H. O., Portner A., Kingsbury D. W. Ribonucleic acid transcriptases in Sendai Virions and infected cells. J Virol. 1971 Aug;8(2):174–180. doi: 10.1128/jvi.8.2.174-180.1971. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Urushibara T., Furuichi Y., Nishimura C., Miura K. A modified structure at the 5'-terminus of mRNA of vaccinia virus. FEBS Lett. 1975 Jan 1;49(3):385–389. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(75)80791-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Vaughan M. H., Jr, Soeiro R., Warner J. R., Darnell J. E., Jr The effects of methionine deprivation on ribosome synthesis in HeLa cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1967 Oct;58(4):1527–1534. doi: 10.1073/pnas.58.4.1527. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wei C. M., Moss B. Methylated nucleotides block 5'-terminus of vaccinia virus messenger RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Jan;72(1):318–322. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.1.318. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wei C. M., Moss B. Methylation of newly synthesized viral messenger RNA by an enzyme in vaccinia virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Aug;71(8):3014–3018. doi: 10.1073/pnas.71.8.3014. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Weiss S. R., Bratt M. A. Polyadenylate sequences on Newcastle disease virus mRNA synthesized in vivo and in vitro. J Virol. 1974 Jun;13(6):1220–1230. doi: 10.1128/jvi.13.6.1220-1230.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]