Abstract
The heterogeneity of crystalline bovine (ox)/porcine glucagon has been examined by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. A strongly basic peptide that reacted well with antibodies to bovine/porcine glucagon was isolated and its primary structure was determined. The amino-acid sequence of the NH2-terminal 29 residues of the 4500-dalton peptide is identical with that of intact bovine or porcine glucagon. The remaining eight residues at its COOH-terminus are Lys-Arg-Asn-Asn-Lys-Asn-Ile-Ala. Small amounts of other glucagon-immunoreactive peptides having molecular weights ranging from 3700 to 9000 were also detected in crystals of bovine/porcine glucagon. We propose that the 37-residue peptide is a fragment of bovine or porcine proglucagon.
Keywords: hormones, precursors
Full text
PDFSelected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Bromer W. W., Boucher M. E., Kofenberger J. E., Jr Amino acid sequence of bovine glucagon. J Biol Chem. 1971 May 10;246(9):2822–2827. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bromer W. W., Boucher M. E., Patterson J. M., Pekar A. H., Frank B. H. Glucagon structure and function. I. Purification and properties of bovine glucagon and monodesmidoglucagon. J Biol Chem. 1972 Apr 25;247(8):2581–2585. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chance R. E., Ellis R. M., Bromer W. W. Porcine proinsulin: characterization and amino acid sequence. Science. 1968 Jul 12;161(3837):165–167. doi: 10.1126/science.161.3837.165. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chrétien M., Li C. H. Isolation, purification, and characterization of gamma-lipotropic hormone from sheep pituitary glands. Can J Biochem. 1967 Jul;45(7):1163–1174. doi: 10.1139/o67-133. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cohn D. V., Macgregor R. R., Chu L. L., Kimmel J. R., Hamilton J. W. Calcemic fraction-A: biosynthetic peptide precursor of parathyroid hormone. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1972 Jun;69(6):1521–1525. doi: 10.1073/pnas.69.6.1521. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gregory R. A., Tracy H. J. Isolation of two "big gastrins" from Zollinger-Ellison tumour tissue. Lancet. 1972 Oct 14;2(7781):797–799. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(72)92151-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Habener J. F., Kemper B., Potts J. T., Jr, Rich A. Bovine proparathyroid hormone: structural analysis of radioactive peptides formed by limited cleavage. Endocrinology. 1973 Jan;92(1):219–226. doi: 10.1210/endo-92-1-219. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hellerstrom C., Howell S. L., Edwards J. C., Andersson A. An investigation of glucagon biosynthesis in isolated pancreatic islets of guinea pigs. FEBS Lett. 1972 Oct 15;27(1):97–101. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(72)80418-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kemmler W., Peterson J. D., Steiner D. F. Studies on the conversion of proinsulin to insulin. I. Conversion in vitro with trypsin and carboxypeptidase B. J Biol Chem. 1971 Nov 25;246(22):6786–6791. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kemper B., Habener J. F., Potts J. T., Jr, Rich A. Proparathyroid hormone: identification of a biosynthetic precursor to parathyroid hormone. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1972 Mar;69(3):643–647. doi: 10.1073/pnas.69.3.643. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McBride-Warren P. A., Epand R. M. Evidence for the compact conformation of monomeric glucagon. Hydrogen-tritium exchange studies. Biochemistry. 1972 Sep 12;11(19):3571–3575. doi: 10.1021/bi00769a012. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Milstein C., Brownlee G. G., Harrison T. M., Mathews M. B. A possible precursor of immunoglobulin light chains. Nat New Biol. 1972 Sep 27;239(91):117–120. doi: 10.1038/newbio239117a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Noe B. D., Bauer G. E. Evidence for glucagon biosynthesis involving a protein intermediate in islets of the anglerfish (Lophius americanus). Endocrinology. 1971 Sep;89(3):642–651. doi: 10.1210/endo-89-3-642. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Noe B. D., Bauer G. E. Further characterization of a glucagon precursor from anglerfish islet tissue. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1973 Jan;142(1):210–213. doi: 10.3181/00379727-142-36990. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nolan C., Margoliash E., Peterson J. D., Steiner D. F. The structure of bovine proinsulin. J Biol Chem. 1971 May 10;246(9):2780–2795. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Peterson J. D., Nehrlich S., Oyer P. E., Steiner D. F. Determination of the amino acid sequence of the monkey, sheep, and dog proinsulin C-peptides by a semi-micro Edman degradation procedure. J Biol Chem. 1972 Aug 10;247(15):4866–4871. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- REISFELD R. A., LEWIS U. J., WILLIAMS D. E. Disk electrophoresis of basic proteins and peptides on polyacrylamide gels. Nature. 1962 Jul 21;195:281–283. doi: 10.1038/195281a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Repand R. M. Reversible unfolding of glucagon by urea and temperature changes. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1972 Jan;148(1):325–326. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(72)90150-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rigopoulou D., Valverde I., Marco J., Faloona G., Unger R. H. Large glucagon immunoreactivity in extracts of pancreas. J Biol Chem. 1970 Feb 10;245(3):496–501. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Srere P. A., Brooks G. C. The circular dichroism of glucagon solutions. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1969 Feb;129(2):708–710. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(69)90231-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Steiner D. F., Clark J. L. The spontaneous reoxidation of reduced beef and rat proinsulins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1968 Jun;60(2):622–629. doi: 10.1073/pnas.60.2.622. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Steiner D. F., Cunningham D., Spigelman L., Aten B. Insulin biosynthesis: evidence for a precursor. Science. 1967 Aug 11;157(3789):697–700. doi: 10.1126/science.157.3789.697. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tung A. K., Zerega F. Biosynthesis of glucagon in isolated pigeon islets. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1971 Oct 15;45(2):387–395. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(71)90831-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Woods K. R., Wang K. T. Separation of dansyl-amino acids by polyamide layer chromatography. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1967 Feb 21;133(2):369–370. doi: 10.1016/0005-2795(67)90078-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Yalow R. S., Berson S. A. And now, "big, big" gastrin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1972 Jul 25;48(2):391–395. doi: 10.1016/s0006-291x(72)80063-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]