Abstract
A fourth member of the Arabidopsis G-box-binding factor (GBF) family of bZIP proteins, GBF4, has been isolated and characterized. In a manner reminiscent of the Fos-related oncoproteins of mammalian systems, GBF4 cannot bind to DNA as a homodimer, although it contains a basic region capable of specifically recognizing the G-box and G-box-like elements. However, GBF4 can interact with GBF2 and GBF3 to bind DNA as heterodimers. Mutagenesis of the leucine zipper of GBF4 indicates that the mutation of a single amino acid confers upon the protein the ability to recognize the G-box as a homodimer, apparently by altering the charge distribution within the leucine zipper.
Full text
PDF




Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Agre P., Johnson P. F., McKnight S. L. Cognate DNA binding specificity retained after leucine zipper exchange between GCN4 and C/EBP. Science. 1989 Nov 17;246(4932):922–926. doi: 10.1126/science.2530632. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Armstrong G. A., Weisshaar B., Hahlbrock K. Homodimeric and heterodimeric leucine zipper proteins and nuclear factors from parsley recognize diverse promoter elements with ACGT cores. Plant Cell. 1992 May;4(5):525–537. doi: 10.1105/tpc.4.5.525. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ellenberger T. E., Brandl C. J., Struhl K., Harrison S. C. The GCN4 basic region leucine zipper binds DNA as a dimer of uninterrupted alpha helices: crystal structure of the protein-DNA complex. Cell. 1992 Dec 24;71(7):1223–1237. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(05)80070-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ferl R. J., Nick H. S. In vivo detection of regulatory factor binding sites in the 5' flanking region of maize Adh1. J Biol Chem. 1987 Jun 15;262(17):7947–7950. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Forrest D., Curran T. Crossed signals: oncogenic transcription factors. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 1992 Feb;2(1):19–27. doi: 10.1016/s0959-437x(05)80316-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gentz R., Rauscher F. J., 3rd, Abate C., Curran T. Parallel association of Fos and Jun leucine zippers juxtaposes DNA binding domains. Science. 1989 Mar 31;243(4899):1695–1699. doi: 10.1126/science.2494702. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Giuliano G., Pichersky E., Malik V. S., Timko M. P., Scolnik P. A., Cashmore A. R. An evolutionarily conserved protein binding sequence upstream of a plant light-regulated gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Oct;85(19):7089–7093. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.19.7089. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Guiltinan M. J., Marcotte W. R., Jr, Quatrano R. S. A plant leucine zipper protein that recognizes an abscisic acid response element. Science. 1990 Oct 12;250(4978):267–271. doi: 10.1126/science.2145628. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hope I. A., Struhl K. GCN4, a eukaryotic transcriptional activator protein, binds as a dimer to target DNA. EMBO J. 1987 Sep;6(9):2781–2784. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02573.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hu J. C., O'Shea E. K., Kim P. S., Sauer R. T. Sequence requirements for coiled-coils: analysis with lambda repressor-GCN4 leucine zipper fusions. Science. 1990 Dec 7;250(4986):1400–1403. doi: 10.1126/science.2147779. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kerppola T. K., Curran T. Fos-Jun heterodimers and Jun homodimers bend DNA in opposite orientations: implications for transcription factor cooperativity. Cell. 1991 Jul 26;66(2):317–326. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90621-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kouzarides T., Ziff E. Leucine zippers of fos, jun and GCN4 dictate dimerization specificity and thereby control DNA binding. Nature. 1989 Aug 17;340(6234):568–571. doi: 10.1038/340568a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kouzarides T., Ziff E. The role of the leucine zipper in the fos-jun interaction. Nature. 1988 Dec 15;336(6200):646–651. doi: 10.1038/336646a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Landschulz W. H., Johnson P. F., McKnight S. L. The leucine zipper: a hypothetical structure common to a new class of DNA binding proteins. Science. 1988 Jun 24;240(4860):1759–1764. doi: 10.1126/science.3289117. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Melton D. A., Krieg P. A., Rebagliati M. R., Maniatis T., Zinn K., Green M. R. Efficient in vitro synthesis of biologically active RNA and RNA hybridization probes from plasmids containing a bacteriophage SP6 promoter. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Sep 25;12(18):7035–7056. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.18.7035. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mundy J., Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K., Chua N. H. Nuclear proteins bind conserved elements in the abscisic acid-responsive promoter of a rice rab gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Feb;87(4):1406–1410. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.4.1406. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nicklin M. J., Casari G. A single site mutation in a truncated Fos protein allows it to interact with the TRE in vitro. Oncogene. 1991 Jan;6(1):173–179. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- O'Shea E. K., Rutkowski R., Kim P. S. Evidence that the leucine zipper is a coiled coil. Science. 1989 Jan 27;243(4890):538–542. doi: 10.1126/science.2911757. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- O'Shea E. K., Rutkowski R., Kim P. S. Mechanism of specificity in the Fos-Jun oncoprotein heterodimer. Cell. 1992 Feb 21;68(4):699–708. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90145-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Oas T. G., McIntosh L. P., O'Shea E. K., Dahlquist F. W., Kim P. S. Secondary structure of a leucine zipper determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Biochemistry. 1990 Mar 27;29(12):2891–2894. doi: 10.1021/bi00464a001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Oeda K., Salinas J., Chua N. H. A tobacco bZip transcription activator (TAF-1) binds to a G-box-like motif conserved in plant genes. EMBO J. 1991 Jul;10(7):1793–1802. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1991.tb07704.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ransone L. J., Visvader J., Sassone-Corsi P., Verma I. M. Fos-Jun interaction: mutational analysis of the leucine zipper domain of both proteins. Genes Dev. 1989 Jun;3(6):770–781. doi: 10.1101/gad.3.6.770. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ransone L. J., Wamsley P., Morley K. L., Verma I. M. Domain swapping reveals the modular nature of Fos, Jun, and CREB proteins. Mol Cell Biol. 1990 Sep;10(9):4565–4573. doi: 10.1128/mcb.10.9.4565. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rasmussen R., Benvegnu D., O'Shea E. K., Kim P. S., Alber T. X-ray scattering indicates that the leucine zipper is a coiled coil. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Jan 15;88(2):561–564. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.2.561. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ryseck R. P., Bravo R. c-JUN, JUN B, and JUN D differ in their binding affinities to AP-1 and CRE consensus sequences: effect of FOS proteins. Oncogene. 1991 Apr;6(4):533–542. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schindler U., Cashmore A. R. Photoregulated gene expression may involve ubiquitous DNA binding proteins. EMBO J. 1990 Nov;9(11):3415–3427. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb07549.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schindler U., Menkens A. E., Beckmann H., Ecker J. R., Cashmore A. R. Heterodimerization between light-regulated and ubiquitously expressed Arabidopsis GBF bZIP proteins. EMBO J. 1992 Apr;11(4):1261–1273. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05170.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schindler U., Terzaghi W., Beckmann H., Kadesch T., Cashmore A. R. DNA binding site preferences and transcriptional activation properties of the Arabidopsis transcription factor GBF1. EMBO J. 1992 Apr;11(4):1275–1289. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05171.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schuermann M., Hunter J. B., Hennig G., Müller R. Non-leucine residues in the leucine repeats of Fos and Jun contribute to the stability and determine the specificity of dimerization. Nucleic Acids Res. 1991 Feb 25;19(4):739–746. doi: 10.1093/nar/19.4.739. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schuermann M., Neuberg M., Hunter J. B., Jenuwein T., Ryseck R. P., Bravo R., Müller R. The leucine repeat motif in Fos protein mediates complex formation with Jun/AP-1 and is required for transformation. Cell. 1989 Feb 10;56(3):507–516. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90253-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schulze-Lefert P., Dangl J. L., Becker-André M., Hahlbrock K., Schulz W. Inducible in vivo DNA footprints define sequences necessary for UV light activation of the parsley chalcone synthase gene. EMBO J. 1989 Mar;8(3):651–656. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb03422.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sellers J. W., Struhl K. Changing fos oncoprotein to a jun-independent DNA binding protein with GCN4 dimerization specificity by swapping "leucine zippers". Nature. 1989 Sep 7;341(6237):74–76. doi: 10.1038/341074a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Smeal T., Angel P., Meek J., Karin M. Different requirements for formation of Jun: Jun and Jun: Fos complexes. Genes Dev. 1989 Dec;3(12B):2091–2100. doi: 10.1101/gad.3.12b.2091. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tabata T., Takase H., Takayama S., Mikami K., Nakatsuka A., Kawata T., Nakayama T., Iwabuchi M. A protein that binds to a cis-acting element of wheat histone genes has a leucine zipper motif. Science. 1989 Sep 1;245(4921):965–967. doi: 10.1126/science.2772648. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Turner R., Tjian R. Leucine repeats and an adjacent DNA binding domain mediate the formation of functional cFos-cJun heterodimers. Science. 1989 Mar 31;243(4899):1689–1694. doi: 10.1126/science.2494701. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Weisshaar B., Armstrong G. A., Block A., da Costa e Silva O., Hahlbrock K. Light-inducible and constitutively expressed DNA-binding proteins recognizing a plant promoter element with functional relevance in light responsiveness. EMBO J. 1991 Jul;10(7):1777–1786. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1991.tb07702.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- van Heeckeren W. J., Sellers J. W., Struhl K. Role of the conserved leucines in the leucine zipper dimerization motif of yeast GCN4. Nucleic Acids Res. 1992 Jul 25;20(14):3721–3724. doi: 10.1093/nar/20.14.3721. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]