Table 2.
ECG P-Wave Measurements (in Standard Deviation Units) and Risk of Vascular Brain Injury
| Outcome | PTFV1 | P-Wave Duration | P-Wave Area |
|---|---|---|---|
| Incident infarcts* | |||
| Any infarcts | |||
| Model 1† | 1.07 (0.94–1.21) | 1.01 (0.88–1.16) | 1.00 (0.88–1.14) |
| Model 2‡ | 1.06 (0.93–1.20) | 1.01 (0.88–1.16) | 1.00 (0.88–1.14) |
| Model 3§ | 1.05 (0.93–1.19) | 1.00 (0.87–1.15) | 1.00 (0.88–1.14) |
| Non-lacunar infarcts | |||
| Model 1 | 1.16 (0.94,1.42) | 1.07 (0.86,1.34) | 1.09 (0.89,1.33) |
| Model 2 | 1.12 (0.91,1.39) | 1.01 (0.80,1.27) | 1.08 (0.88,1.32) |
| Model 3 | 1.13 (0.91,1.40) | 1.01 (0.80,1.26) | 1.08 (0.89,1.32) |
| Worsening white matter grade* | |||
| Model 1 | 1.10 (1.02–1.19) | 1.04 (0.95–1.14) | 1.05 (0.97–1.15) |
| Model 2 | 1.09 (1.01–1.18) | 1.04 (0.95–1.13) | 1.03 (0.95–1.12) |
| Model 3 | 1.09 (1.01–1.18) | 1.03 (0.94–1.13) | 1.03 (0.95–1.12) |
| Prevalent infarcts* | |||
| Any infarcts | |||
| Model 1 | 1.12 (1.06–1.19) | 1.05 (0.99–1.11) | 1.06 (1.00–1.12) |
| Model 2 | 1.09 (1.04–1.16) | 1.02 (0.97–1.08) | 1.05 (0.99–1.11) |
| Model 3 | 1.09 (1.04–1.15) | 1.02 (0.96–1.08) | 1.05 (0.99–1.11) |
| Non-lacunar infarcts | |||
| Model 1 | 1.27 (1.13,1.43) | 1.13 (0.98,1.29) | 1.13 (0.99,1.29) |
| Model 2 | 1.22 (1.08,1.38) | 1.08 (0.94,1.24) | 1.11 (0.97,1.27) |
| Model 3 | 1.22 (1.08,1.37) | 1.07 (0.94,1.23) | 1.11 (0.97,1.27) |
| Baseline white matter grade|| | |||
| Model 1 | 0.07 (0.02–0.12) | 0.00 (−0.05–0.05) | 0.04 (−0.01–0.09) |
| Model 2 | 0.05 (0.0003–0.10) | −0.02 (−0.06–0.03) | 0.04 (−0.02–0.09) |
| Model 3 | 0.05 (0.0005–0.10) | −0.02 (−0.06–0.03) | 0.04 (−0.02–0.09) |
Abbreviations: ECG, electrocardiogram; PTFV1, P-wave terminal force in lead V1.
Results are reported as the relative risk of the outcome associated with a 1-standard deviation increase in the predictor (95% confidence interval).
Adjusted for age- sex- race- and education level.
Adjusted for variables in Model 1 plus coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, smoking status, and time from ECG to the initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan.
Adjusted for variables in Model 2 plus incident atrial fibrillation diagnosed after the ECG and before the MRI under analysis.
Results are reported as the change in white matter grade for a 1-standard deviation higher level of the predictor (95% confidence interval).