Table 1.

Age on reaching each Tanner stage and menarche.

Sex	Stagea	Number of children contributing measurement	Mean age on reaching stage (years)	SE	95% CI	Percentiles				Mean/median age Black American US children [24,25]	Percentiles in uninfected Italian controls [6]
						3%	25%	75%	97%		3%	97%
Male	G2	266	12.8	0.1	12.6, 13.0	10.0	11.8	13.8	15.5	9.3	9.4	13.3
	G3	171	14.3	0.1	14.0, 14.6	10.9	13.1	15.5	17.6	11.8	11.0	14.0
	G4	107	15.3	0.2	14.9, 15.7	11.7	14.0	16.7	19.0	13.4	12.3	14.8
	G5	71	16.9	0.2	16.5, 17.3	14.3	16.0	17.8	19.5	14.9	–	–
	P2	270	13.0	0.1	12.8, 13.2	10.5	12.1	13.9	15.5	–	9.4	13.5
	P3	161	14.3	0.1	14.1, 14.6	11.1	13.2	15.5	17.6	–	11.0	13.1
	P4	109	15.3	0.2	14.9, 15.7	11.8	14.1	16.6	18.8	–	12.3	14.8
	P5	69	16.8	0.2	16.4, 17.2	14.6	16.0	17.7	19.1	–	–	–
Female	B2	273	11.7	0.1	11.6, 11.9	9.4	10.9	12.5	14.0	9.5	8.5	12.6
	B3	236	13.1	0.1	12.9, 13.3	10.4	12.1	14.0	15.7	–	9.8	13.2
	B4	179	14.4	0.1	14.1, 14.7	11.4	13.3	15.5	17.4	–	11.2	14.4
	B5	107	16.1	0.2	15.7, 16.5	13.2	15.1	17.2	19.0	–	–	–
	P2	284	12.3	0.1	12.1, 12.4	9.9	11.4	13.1	14.6	–	8.3	12.7
	P3	219	13.5	0.1	13.3, 13.7	10.8	12.5	14.5	16.2	–	9.1	13.3
	P4	161	14.5	0.1	14.3, 14.8	11.7	13.5	15.5	17.3	–	11.2	14.4
	P5	107	16.5	0.2	16.1, 16.8	13.8	15.5	17.4	19.2	–	–	–
	Menarche	303	14.3	0.1	14.1, 14.5	11.6	13.3	15.3	17.0	12.1	–	–

Note: Time-to-event Weibull approach (see Methods section) resulted in similar estimates (e.g. G2 mean 12.6 years; B2 11.3; menarche 14.4). No uninfected African control data available. The symbol ‘–’ indicates ‘not available’.

^aTanner staging of genitalia (G1 = pre-pubertal to G5 = adult) in males or breasts (B1 to B5) in females, and pubic hair (P1 to P5) in both.