Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the WB-EMS and control group. WB-EMS: whole-body electromyostimulation. 1As assessed by detailed questionnaires (14, 15). 2As assessed by 4-day protocol and analyzed using Prodi-4.5/03 Expert software (Wissenschaftlicher Verlag, Freiburg, Germany). 3As assessed by Jamar dynamometer (dominant hand) according to Mathiowetz et al. [14]. 4Test according to Fritz und Lusardi [15]. 5Prevalence of two and more diseases.
| Variable | WB-EMS (n = 38) | CG (n = 38) |
|---|---|---|
| Age [years]1 | 74.7 ± 3.7 | 74.7 ± 4.4 |
| Body weight [kg] | 57.9 ± 6.8 | 58.8 ± 5.7 |
| Body length [cm] | 161.6 ± 5.6 | 162.9 ± 5.1 |
| Year postmenopausal [years] | 24.3 ± 4.2 | 25.2 ± 4.7 |
| Total body fat DXA [%] | 31.6 ± 4.6 | 32.1 ± 3.7 |
| Appendicular skeletal muscle mass [kg] | 15.8 ± 2.1 | 15.9 ± 1.7 |
| Energy uptake [MJ/d]2 | 6.63 ± 1.81 | 6.74 ± 1.67 |
| Calcium uptake [mg/d]2 | 986 ± 276 | 966 ± 266 |
| Vitamin D uptake [IU/d]2 | 244 ± 167 | 262 ± 211 |
| Exercise volume [min/week]1 | 34.1 ± 21.6 | 31.3 ± 19.3 |
| Grip strength3 [kg] | 23.7 ± 4.0 | 23.5 ± 4.1 |
| Walking speed4 [km/h] | 5.1 ± 1.4 | 5.3 ± 1.6 |
| Multimorbidity5 [n] | 22 (58%) | 25 (66%) |