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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jan 30.
Published in final edited form as: Neonatology. 2015 Jan 30;107(3):191–198. doi: 10.1159/000368879

Figure 4. Commensal bacteria, cold stress and hypoxia administered together, and exposure to antenatal inflammation alone, downregulate VEGF mRNA expression in the intestine of neonatal mice.

Figure 4

(A) Dam-fed or formula fed pups were submitted for 24 h to cold stress, hypoxia or commensal bacteria exposure alone or in combinations. Dam fed mice submitted to hyperoxia alone for 2 hours were used as positive control. VEGF mRNA expression was measured by real-time RT-PCR, normalized to GAPDH and expressed as fold-expression relative to age-matched dam fed controls. (*: p < 0.05; †: p < 0.01) (B) Intestinal VEGF expression was reduced in 24 h dam-fed pups exposed to antenatal inflammation by prenatal LPS treatment of the dam compared to controls. (*: p < 0.001).