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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jul 8.
Published in final edited form as: Nature. 2014 Oct 22;517(7533):205–208. doi: 10.1038/nature13828

Figure 2. Native intestinal bacterial species conserved across murine and human microbiota are predicted to inhibit C. difficile infection.

Figure 2

Intestinal microbiota alpha diversity (a) and Beta diversity (weighted UniFrac distances) (b) of antibiotic-naïve (n=15) and antibiotic-exposed animals susceptible (n=21) or resistant (n=47) to C. difficile infection. Correlation of individual bacterial OTUs with susceptibility to C. difficile infection (c). Colonization (C. difficile-negative to -positive) and clearance (C. difficile-positive to –negative) events among C. difficile-diagnosed and carrier patients included in microbiota time-series inference modeling (d). Bacterial species with strong C. difficile interactions in human and murine microbiota models (e) that exist in a conserved subnetwork predicted to inhibit (blue) or positively associate (red) with C. difficile (f). ***P<0.001. In (c), P<0.0005 (“any biodiversity”, n=68) or P<0.05 (“Low biodiversity”, Shannon≤1 (n=16 animals). Center values (mean), error bars (s.e.m.).