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. 2015 Apr 1;38(4):545–557. doi: 10.5665/sleep.4568

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Effect of sleep fragmentation exposures during late gestation on macrophage M1 and M2 polarity-associated genes in adipose tissue depots (VWAT and SCAT) in 20-week-old offspring. (A1,B1) Gene expression in males. (A2,B2) Gene expression in female offspring. Increased expression of M1 macrophage-related genes with significant reductions in M2 macrophage gene expression emerged in SFOM versus SCOM in VWAT and SCAT (*P < 0.01). An inverse pattern of M1 and M2 gene expression changes was apparent in sleep fragmentation-exposed female offspring in both VWAT and SCAT (*P < 0.01). Data were normalized to 18S mRNA level. The results are shown as the mean ± standard error (n = 6–8 for each experimental condition). IL, interleukin; MCP, monocyte chemoattractant protein; mRNA, messenger RNA; SCAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue; SCOF, sleep control female mice; SCOM, sleep control male mice; SFOF, sleep fragmented female mice; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; SFOM, sleep fragmented male mice; VWAT, visceral white adipose tissue.