(A) A549 cells were treated with cisplatin (10 μM), Chal-24 (1 μM) alone or in combination for the indicated times. The indicated proteins were detected by Western blot. β-tubulin was used as an input control. (B) the cells were preteated with chloroquine (CQ, 20 μM) for 30 min, and then treated with cisplatin and Chal-24 (24 h or 4 h for upper panel for p62 detection and lower panel for LC3 detection, respectively). The indicated proteins were detected by Western blot. GAPDH was detected as an input control. (C) A549 cells were pretreated with autophagy inhibitors (CQ, 20 μM; WTM, 1 μM; 3MA, 10 μM) for 30 min, followed by cisplatin (10 μM) and Chal-24 (1 μM) co-treatment for an additional 48 h, cell death was measured as described in Figure 1. (D) the cells were transfected with the indicated siRNA for 24 h, then the cells were treated with cisplatin (10 μM) and Chal-24 (1 μM) for 48 h, cell death was measured by LDH assay. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. Insert, knockdown of ATG7 expression was confirmed by Western blot.