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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Atherosclerosis. 2015 Jan 31;239(2):393–400. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.01.034

Figure 2. Urea-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species cause proinflammatory changes in endothelial cells.

Figure 2

HAEC were incubated with 20mM urea alone or 20 mM urea after infection with adenoviral vectors expressing UCP-1 or MnSOD. After 48 hrs PGI2 Synthase activity (A) NFκB p65 and NFκB-specific target genes mRNA expression (B) MCP-1 (C) VCAM1 (D) protein levels were measured. Each bar represents the mean±SEM of 5 separate experiments, each with n = 3. *p<0.01 compared with cells not treated with urea.