Table 1.

Acceleration values of the six sections from each of the four IRN homologs of Mandarin tones

	Section
Tone	S1	S2	S3	S4	S5	S6
T1	−0.0002	0.0013	0.0014	0.0005	−0.0008	−0.0022
T2	−0.0023	0.0001	0.0049	0.0095	0.0108	0.0058
T3	−0.0059	−0.0086	−0.0023	0.0066	0.0118	0.0068
T4	0.0034	0.0011	−0.0063	−0.0143	−0.0181	−0.0131

S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, and S6 represent the six 40-ms sections within each f₀ contour: 5–45, 45–85, 85–125, 125–165, 165–205, and 205–245. T1, T2, T3, and T4 stand for the four Mandarin tones. Values represent the degree of acceleration/deceleration, defined as rate of change in pitch, within each section. For a 40-ms time frame, acceleration was computed as the difference in pitch value at offset and onset divided by the duration of the frame. Positive and negative signs represent rising and falling f₀ trajectories, respectively.

IRN, iterated rippled noise.