Figure 7. Treatment with R848 reduces inflammation in the terminal ileum.

(A–B) Effect of treatment with R848 on ileitis. Outcomes of a 7 day course of R848 treatment (0.5 μg/g body mass, by oral gavage) on >30 weeks old mice. Control animals received either vehicle (H₂O) by daily gavage or dexamethasone (Dex) by IP injection (100 μg every second day). (A) Ileal swiss-rolls were stained with H&E and (B) total inflammatory score was assessed. n=4–8 per group. (C–F) R848 induces mDCs and MLN Foxp3⁺ cells. (C) Representative flow cytometry plots and (D) frequency of DC subsets were analyzed among all live cells recovered from the lymph nodes. (E) Cells were gated to include CD4⁺ TCRβ⁺ T cells and expression of Foxp3 was determined by intracellular staining. Shown is percentage of CD4⁺Foxp3⁺ cells among all live MLN cells. Data from 2 experiments are presented as mean ± SEM, n=7–12 per group. **** p<0.0001, *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05 by one-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test