Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Apr 9.
Published in final edited form as: Cell. 2015 Apr 9;161(2):264–276. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.02.047

Figure 4. Microbiota-Mediated Regulation of Host Serotonin Modulates Gastrointestinal Motility.

Figure 4

(A) Total time for transit of orally administered carmine red solution through the GI tract. n=4–8.

(B) Defecation rate as measured by number of fecal pellets produced relative to total transit time. n=4–8.

(C) Representative images of c-fos and 5HT4 colocalization in the colonic submucosa and muscularis externa. n=4–5 mice/group.

(D) Quantitation of total c-fos fluorescence intensity in the colonic submucosa and muscularis externa. n=4–5 mice/group.

(E) Quantitation of total 5HT4 fluorescence intensity in the colonic submucosa and muscularis externa. n=4–5 mice/group.

(F) Quantitation and representative images of c-fos and calb2 (calretinin) colocalization in the colonic submucosa and muscularis externa. n=5–8 mice/group.

Data are presented as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001. SPF=specific pathogen-free (conventionally-colonized), GF=germ-free, Sp=spore-forming bacteria, PCPA=para-chlorophenylalanine. See also Figure S4.