Representative photomicrographs of immunofluorescent staining of M1 macrophage markers, (A, B), CD86 (green) and M2 macrophage marker, (C, D) CD163 (green), in decidua from GA-matched elective terminations and patients with SA. These tissues were co-stained with anti-CD68 antibody (red). Arrows indicate macrophages expressing CD86 or CD163 (yellow or orange). (E) CD68+CD86+ cells (F) CD68+CD163+ cells. Cell numbers/field were calculated as the mean of 15 fields (3 sections/tissue, 5 fields/section). The results are reported as mean ± SEM. n=15; * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.005; magnification: 400x; Scale bar: 50 μm.