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. 2015 Jan 20;110(4):693–702. doi: 10.1111/add.12826

Table 3.

Adjusted relative risk ratios for changes in susceptibility and smoking status in relation to noticing point‐of sale (PoS) displays, frequency of visiting shops and number of brands recognized.

Among non‐susceptible never smokers at baseline Among susceptible never smokers at baseline
RRR of becoming susceptible a RRR of becoming an ever smoker a RRR of becoming non‐susceptible b RRR of becoming an ever smoker b
Estimate 99% CI P Estimate 99% CI P Estimate 99% CI P Estimate 99% CI P
Noticing point of sale displays
Sometimes or less 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Most or every time 1.74 1.13–2.69 0.001 1.93 0.89–4.18 0.028 2.12 0.88–5.11 0.028 1.31 0.53–3.21 0.438
Frequency of visiting shops
Fewer than 2 or 3 times a week 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
At least 2 or 3 times a week 1.32 1.04–1.67 0.002 1.32 0.62–2.79 0.341 1.17 0.65–2.11 0.492 1.49 0.91–2.45 0.039
Number of brands recognized
None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
1–5 1.83 1.24–2.70 <0.001 1.34 0.71–2.55 0.237 0.91 0.31–2.70 0.823 1.06 0.57–1.98 0.808
More than 5 2.16 1.68–2.78 <0.001 2.12 1.64–2.75 <0.001 0.76 0.37–1.53 0.311 1.65 0.88–3.09 0.038
Combined frequency of visiting and noticing displays
Visit <2/3 times per week/notice sometimes or less 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Visit <2/3 times per week/notice most or every time 2.63 1.30–5.30 <0.001 1.90 0.35–10.3 0.329 1.76 0.47–6.61 0.272 0.75 0.25–2.24 0.500
Visit >2/3 times per week/notice sometimes or less 2.92 1.04–5.05 0.007 1.29 0.17–9.89 0.746 0.82 0.10–6.55 0.806 0.75 0.27–2.07 0.458
Visit >2/3 times per week/notice most or every time 3.00 1.38–6.53 <0.001 2.38 0.47–12.1 0.170 2.00 0.46–8.65 0.225 1.33 0.45–3.93 0.502
Combined frequency of noticing displays and brand recognition
Notice sometimes or less/0 brands 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Notice sometimes or less/1–5 brands 1.97 0.82–4.70 0.046 1.43 0.18–11.1 0.652 0.89 0.10–7.68 0.892 1.00 0.28–3.59 0.995
Notice sometimes or less/6+ brands 2.32 0.70–7.63 0.069 1.14 0.06–23.3 0.911 * 0.84 0.12–5.90 0.822
Notice most or every time/0 brands 1.74 0.69–4.43 0.124 1.88 0.50–7.09 0.222 3.12 0.78–12.4 0.034 1.11 0.40–3.12 0.794
Notice most or every time/1–5 brands 2.73 1.13–6.61 0.003 2.16 0.61–7.61 0.116 2.20 0.60–8.10 0.120 1.15 0.31–4.35 0.781
Notice most or every time/6+ brands 3.23 1.45–7.17 <0.001 3.42 1.26–9.31 0.002 1.82 0.55–5.99 0.197 1.86 0.59–5.81 0.163
a

Adjusted for age, sex, parental smoking, friend smoking, self‐perceived academic performance and rebelliousness;

b

adjusted for age, sex and parental smoking;

*

could not estimate due to small numbers. RRR = relative risk ratio; CI = confidence interval.