Fig. 1.

Cortical thickness of the precentral gyrus in patients with motor neuron disease subtypes compared with mimic disorders and healthy controls. Mean cortical thickness of the precentral gyrus (left and right averaged) was plotted per study group. Cortical thickness of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) was significantly reduced compared with patients with a lower motor neuron (LMN) phenotype, mimic disorders, and healthy controls. Patients with a clinical upper motor neuron (UMN) phenotype had a significantly lower cortical thickness compared with patients with ALS. The dashed horizontal line indicates the mean cortical thickness minus 2 SDs of the control group (i.e., controls and mimics combined). MIMIC = mimic disorder; CON = healthy control. Reproduced with permission from Walhout R, Westeneng HJ, Verstraete E, et al. Cortical thickness in ALS: towards a marker for upper motor neuron involvement. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2014;36;1075-1082. Copyright © 2014 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd