Synopsis of Phyllosticta in China

Abstract

The generic concept of Phyllosticta has undergone substantial changes since its establishment in 1818. The existence of conidia with a mucilaginous sheath and an apical appendage is synapomorphic for Phyllosticta species, which has been shown in recent molecular phylogenetic studies. Thus a natural classification of Phyllosticta species should emphasize above morphological characters. Many names in Phyllosticta, both published in the scientific literatures and in publically accessible databases, need updating. In China, more than 200 species names in Phyllosticta have been recorded, of which, 158 species names are reviewed here based on their morphological descriptions and molecular data. Only 20 species of Phyllosticta are accepted from China. Other records of Phyllosticta refer to Phoma (89 records), Asteromella (14 records), Boeremia (9 records), Phomopsis (7 records) and Microsphaeropsis (1 record), with 19 names of uncertain generic classification. This work demonstrates an urgent need for the re-assessment of records of Phyllosticta worldwide.

Introduction

Phyllosticta is an important group of plant pathogenic fungi distributed worldwide that cause serious diseases, e.g. citrus black spot (Baayen et al. 2002), cranberry early rot (Shear 1907). Many records of Phyllosticta appear in the literature under the later synonym Guignardia, which was introduced for the teleomorphic stage of the fungus (van der Aa 1973; Hyde 1995; Crous et al. 1996; Wulandari et al. 2010).

Since the genus Phyllosticta was established by Persoon (1818), more than 3000 species’ epithets have been recorded. Early classification of Phyllosticta was mostly based on host association and disease symptoms (Desmazières 1847; Saccardo 1884). Desmazières (1847) revised Phyllosticta, and considered it was characterized as leaf spotting fungi that had small conidia and globose pycnidia (Desmazières 1847). Saccardo (1878, 1884) later defined Phyllosticta as a group of fungi parasitic on leaves, with 1-celled, ovoid or oblong, hyaline conidia. Unfortunately, many morphologically similar fungi occur on leaf spots, e.g. Asteromella, Phoma or Phomopsis, which has led to much confusion in the plant pathological and mycological literature.

The most recent morphology-based revisionary treatments define Phyllosticta (van der Aa 1973; van der Aa and Vanev 2002) as having globose, subglobose or tympaniform pycnidia: 1-celled, globose, subglobose, ellipsoidal, ovoidal, obovoidal or pyriform conidia with slime sheaths and an apical appendage. van der Aa and Vanev (2002) considered more than 2000 species names, accepting only 141 species. The existence of conidia with a mucilaginous sheath and an apical appendage is synapomorphic for Phyllosticta species in recent molecular phylogenetic studies (Motohashi et al. 2009; Wikee et al. 2011; Su and Cai 2012; Zhang, Su, et al. 2013). Recent molecular studies have portrayed clearer phylogenetic relationships in the group, based on DNA sequence analysis of conconcatenated intron-dominated genes such as ITS, ACT, TEF, and highly conserved gene coding regions such as LSU and GAPDH. These studies have recognized many cryptic species in traditionally morphologically circumscribed species complexes, e.g. P. citricarpa on citrus, P. musarum on banana, P. vaccinii on Vaccinium, G. philoprina on Rhododendron, Hedera, Ilex, Magnolia and Taxus (Wulandari et al. 2009; Glienke et al. 2011; Wang et al. 2012; Wikee et al. 2013; Zhang, Zhang, et al. 2013).

The morphological characters of Phoma are: pycnidia immersed, globose to subglobose or obpyriform, pale brown to dark brown, with one central ostiole, sometimes with more than one ostiole in culture; conidiogenous cells hyaline, short, phialidic, enteroblastic, obpyriform, formed from the cells lining the inside of the pycnidium; conidia hyaline, 1-celled, occasionally 1-septate, usually biguttulate, oblong, obovate or ellipsoidal, asepta conidia usually 3–12 μm long, conidia with 1–3 septa usually 8–15 μm long, 0.5–5 μm wide; chlamydospores are often formed in culture (van der Aa and Vanev 2002; Boerema et al. 2004).

The morphological characters of Asteromella are: conidiomata pycnidial, globose, separate or more frequently aggregated, dark brown, immersed, unilocular, thick-walled, wall of brown; ostiole central, circular, papillate; conidiophores hyaline, smooth, 1–3 septate, tapered at the apex, branched only at the base, formed from the inner cells of the pycnidial wall; conidiogenous cells enteroblastic, phialidic, integrated or less often discrete, determinate, hyaline, apertures apical or lateral on short branches produced immediately below transverse sept; conidia hyaline, aseptate, thin-walled, eguttulate, cylindrical to oval (Sutton 1980; van der Aa and Vanev 2002).

The morphological characters of Phomopsis are: pycnidia, brown to black, scattered or aggregated, globose to conical, convulated to unilocular, singly ostiolate, pycnidial wall consisting of brown; conidiophores hyaline, cylindrical, branched above or below, 1–3-septate; conidiogenous cells straight to curved, tapering slightly towards the apex. α-conidia 1-celled, hyaline, fusoid to ellipsoidal, apex bluntly rounded, biguttulate; β-conidia 1-celled, hyaline, filamentous, usually curved at upper half, without guttules (Muntaňola-Cvetcovic et al. 1981; van der Aa and Vanev 2002).

The first report of Phyllosticta in China (Miura 1928) listed 24 species from northeast China. Since then, more than 200 records of Phyllosticta have been reported from China by Teng (1963), Tai (1979) and subsequent mycologists. Most of these records were reported and described in the Flora Fungorum Sinicorm, Vol. 15 (Bai 2003). Bai (2003) accepted the significance of the slime sheath and apical appendage in identifying Phyllosticta species, but he listed many species that did not possess these structures under Phyllosticta. More recently, some newly described species have been reported from China (Su and Cai 2012; Zhang, Su, et al. 2013). An updated checklist of Phyllosticta species in China is needed, especially as some of these species have biosecurity significance.

We examined 158 records of Phyllosticta recorded in Flora Fungorum Sinicorm Vol. 15 and published subsequently. Earlier records were not considered. Most of the recorded species were reclassified based on morphology, while the generic identity of 19 records could not be determined. Of the remaining 139 records of Phyllosticta, 89 were considered to be Phoma, 14 Asteromella, 9 Boeremia, 7 Phomopsis and 1 Microsphaeropsis. Only 20 species actually belonged to Phyllosticta. Notes for each species and a check list of accepted Phyllosticta species names in China are provided (Table 1).

Table 1.

Check list of accepted Phyllosticta species in China.

Species	Host	Conidiogenous cells	Conidia	References
P. amaryllidicola	Lycoris radiata	4–6 × 2–4 μm, ampulliform, 1-celled, hyaline	9–11 × 6–7 μm, ovoid, ellipsoidal, 1-celled, hyaline	Bai (2003)
P. arecae	Areca catechu	7.5–10 × 5–6 μm, ampulliform, 1-celled, hyaline	6–12.5 × 5–7 μm, ovoid, ellipsoidal, cylindrical, 1-celled, hyaline	Bai (2003)
P. capitalensis	Various	7–20 × 3–7 μm, subcylindrical to ampulliform, frequently reduced to conidiogenous cells, or branching from a basal supporting cell	7–10 × 3–5 μm, terminal, subcylindrical to ampulliform to doliiform, hyaline, smooth	Glienke et al. (2011)
P. carochlae	Caryota ochlandra	2–6.5 × 5.5–13 μm, holoblastic, hyaline, cylindrical, proliferating 1–2 times percurrently	6–8.5 × 10–12 μm, unicellular, ovoid, obovoid, ellipsoidal to subglobose, enclosed in a mucilaginous sheath, and bearing a hyaline, mucoid apical appendage	Zhou et al. (2015)
P. citriasiana	Citrus maxima	7–17 × 3–5 μm, terminal, subcylindrical to ampulliform or somewhat doliiform, hyaline, smooth	12–14 × 6–7 μm, solitary, hyaline, aseptate, thin- and smooth-walled, coarsely guttulate, ellipsoidal to obovoid	Wulandari et al. (2009)
P. citricarpa	Citrus spp.	7–12 × 3–4 μm, terminal, subcylindrical to somewhat doliiform, hyaline, smooth	11–12 × 7 μm, solitary, hyaline, aseptate, thin- and smooth-walled, coarsely guttulate, ellipsoid to obovoid, tapering toward a narrowly truncate base	Glienke et al. (2011)
P. citrichinaensis	Citrus spp.	6–12 × 2–5 μm, holoblastic, phialidic, short cylindrical, lageniform, unicellular, thinwalled, smooth	8–12 × 6–9 μm, ellipsoid to ovoid, with rounded ends, unicellular, thin, smooth-walled, pomiform, colourless	Wang et al. (2012)
P. cruenta	Polygonatum macropodium	8–15 × 2–5 μm, ampulliform, cylindrical 1-celled, hyaline	10–14 × 7–8 μm, ovoid, 1-celled, hyaline	Bai (2003)
P. euonymi-japonici	Euonymus japonicus	15–22.5 × 3.75–5 μm, holoblastic, phialidic, short cylindrical, lageniform, unicellular, colourless	10–12.5 × 7.5–10 μm, ellipsoid to ovoid, hyaline, with rounded ends, unicellular, thin, smooth-walled	Liu and Lu (2007)
P. ghaesembillae	Codiaeum variegatum	4–6 × 2–3.5 μm, ampulliform, 1-celled, hyaline	10–13 × 7–7.5 μm, ovoid, 1-celled, hyaline	Bai (2003)
P. hemerocallidis	Hemerocallis fulva	10–12.5 × 5 μm, ampulliform, 1-celled, hyaline	7.5–12.5 × 5–7 μm, ovoid, ellipsoidal, 1-celled, hyaline	Bai (2003)
P. hostae	Hosta plantaginea	7–22 × 2–5 μm, holoblastic, phialidic, cylindrical, subcylindrical to ampulliform, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth	8–15 × 5–9 μm, unicellular, thin- and smooth-walled, ellipsoid, subglobose to obovoid, truncate at the base when young, later rounded at both ends	Su and Cai (2012)
P. hubeiensis	Viburnum odoratissimum	6–12.5 × 3–5 μm, holoblastic, hyaline, cylindrical or conical	10–14.5 × 6–9 μm, 1-celled, ellipsoid to obovoid, truncate at the base sometimes	Zhang, Su, et al. (2013)
P. minima	Acer cinnamomifolium	4–7.5 × 3–7 μm, ampulliform, 1-celled, hyaline	7.5–12 × 4–7 μm, ovoid, ellipsoidal, 1-celled, hyaline	Bai (2003)
P. murrayicola	Murraya paniculata	4–6 × 2–3.5 μm, ampulliform, 1-celled, hyaline	10–12.5 × 6–8 μm, ovoid, pyriform, 1-celled, hyaline	Bai (2003)
P. musaechinensis	Musa sp.	cylindrical or conical	14–18 × 8–12 μm, hyaline, aseptate, coarsely guttulate, ellipsoidal or clavate, thin- and smooth-walled, surrounded by a mucilaginous sheath, apex tapering, straight to curved, appendage 4.0–18.5 μm long	Wu et al. (2014)
P. musarum	Musa sp.	–	15–18 × 9–10 µm, 1-celled, obovoidal, ellipsoidal or short cylindrical, pyriform when young, with a truncate base, broadly rounded	Pu et al. (2008)
P. schimae	Schima superba	8–30 × 2–4 μm, holoblastic, phialidic, short cylindrical, subcylindrical to ampulliform, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth	7–13 × 4–7 μm, unicellular, thin- and smooth-walled, globose, ellipsoid to obovoid, truncate at the base when young, later rounded at both ends	Su and Cai (2012)
P. schimicola	Schima superba	1.5–4.5 × 5–12 μm, holoblastic, hyaline, long cylindrical, subcylindrical to ampulliform, proliferating 1–2 times percurrently	5–8 × 8–11 μm, unicellular, smooth-walled, ovoid to long ovoid, ampulliform, ellipsoidal to subglobose, truncate at the base when young, enclosed in a smooth and a mucilaginous sheath, and bearing a hyaline, mucoid apical appendage.	Zhou et al. (2015)
P. styracicola	Styrax grandiflorus	2–3.5 × 8–12.5 μm, holoblastic, hyaline, cylindrical	9.5–13 × 6.5–9 μm, 1-celled, ellipsoidal to subglobose	Zhang, Su, et al. (2013)

Taxonomy

1. Phyllosticta abutilonis P. Hennings, Hedwigia 48: 13. 1908.

→ Boeremia exigua (Desm.) Aveskamp, Gruyter & Verkley.

Host: Abutilon theophrasti (Malvaceae).

Distribution: Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Liaoning.

Specimens: HMSAU 653, HMSAU 654, HMSAU 1398, HMSAU 1995.

Notes: The Chinese specimens had cylindrical, ellipsoidal and subglobose conidia that measured 56 × 23 μm, and lacked a mucilaginous sheath and an apical appendage (Bai 2003, p. 136). These characters are clearly atypical for Phyllosticta but are essentially similar to Boeremia exigua (Aveskamp et al. 2010).

2. Phyllosticta aceris Saccardo, Michelia 1: 147. 1878.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Acer saccharum, A. negundo (Aceraceae).

Distribution: Jilin, Liaoning.

Specimens: HMSAU 1210, HMSAU 1174, HMSAU 2049, HMSAU 2076.

Notes: Many species of Phyllosticta have been reported from Acer spp., although only two, P. capitalensis and P. minima, were accepted by van der Aa and Vanev (2002). The Chinese specimens had oval or elliptical, 1-celled, hyaline, conidia with one guttule that measured 5–7.5 × 2–3.5 μm, seldom with short appendages (Bai 2003, p. 45).The conidial size is smaller than P. capitalensis (8–15 × 5–8 μm) and P. minima (7.5–12 × 4.5–8 μm) (van der Aa 1973). van der Aa and Vanev (2002) considered Phyllosticta aceris a Phomopsis species, as the conidia lacked a mucilaginous sheath and an apical appendage. The conidiogenous cells of the Chinese specimens were cylindrical, 1-celled, hyaline, 4–7.5 × 2–3 μm (Bai 2003, p. 45) which indicate that it belongs to Phoma.

3. Phyllosticta acetosae Saccardo, Michelia. 1: 151. 1878.

→ Asteromella sp. or Phoma sp.

Host: Rumex spp. (Rumiceae).

Distribution: Liaoning, Tibet.

Specimens: HMSAU 2718, HMSAU 2002, HMSAU 2003.

Notes: The conidia of P. acetosae were originally described as oblong or cylindrical, with 2 guttules, hyaline that measured 4–5 × 2 μm (Saccardo 1878). van der Aa and Vanev (2002) considered that this fungus belonged to Asteromella. The Chinese specimens had ampulliform conidiogenous cells, and 1-celled, ovoid to ellipsoidal hyaline conidia round at both ends that measured 3–5 × 2–2.5 μm, with 2 guttules (Bai 2003, p. 158), which also indicate an Asteromella or small-spored Phoma species.

4. Phyllosticta acetosellae Smith & Ramsbottom, Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. 4 (1): 173. 1912 [1913].

→ Phoma acetosellae (A.L. Sm. & Ramsb.) van der Aa & Boerema.

Host: Rumex spp. (Rumiceae).

Distribution: Liaoning, Jilin, Tibet.

Specimens: HMSAU 1177, HMSAU 406, HMSAU 2685.

Notes: The Chinese specimens had conidia that are cylindrical, sometimes irregular, 1-celled, hyaline, biguttulate, 6–10 × 2–4 μm (Bai 2003, p. 159) and matched the description of Phoma acetosellae (van der Aa et al. 2002).

5. Phyllosticta aglaiae G.Z. Lu & J.K. Bai, in Yu et al., Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University, 25(2): 154, 1994.

→ Asteromella sp. or Phoma sp.

Host: Aglaia odorata (Meliaceae).

Distribution: Liaoning.

Specimen: HMSAU 2045.

Notes: When this species was first described, Yu et al. (1994) did not provide a description, so this name is invalid. The Chinese holotype had ovoid or ellipsoidal, 1-celled, hyaline, conidia with 2 guttules that measured 2.5–5 × 1–1.5 μm, and lacked a mucilaginous sheath and an apical appendage (Bai 2003, p. 139). This species does not belong to Phyllosticta but may be an Asteromella species or very small-spored Phoma species.

6. Phyllosticta allescheri Sydow, Hedwigia, 157, 1897.

→ Phoma sp.

Hosts: Parthenocissus himalayana, Parthenocissus thunbergii (Vitaceae).

Distribution: Jilin, Sichuan.

Specimens: HMSAU 2702, HMSAU 800.

Notes: The only Phyllosticta species described from Parthenocissus is P. parthenocissisus (Zhang, Zhang, et al. 2013), which was first classified as P. ampelicida. According to Sydow’s (1897) original description, the conidia of P. allescheri are 3–5 × 1 μm (Sydow 1897). van der Aa and Vanev (2002) transferred P. allescheri to Asteromella allescheri. The Chinese specimens had ellipsoidal conidia that measured 3–6 × 1.5–2 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai 2003, p. 218). The length to width ratio is different from Asteromella allescheri. The Chinese specimens may be a small-spored Phoma species.

7. Phyllostcta amaranthi Ellis & kellerman, J. Mycol., 1: 4, 1885.

→ Phoma macrostoma var. macrostoma Mont.

Hosts: Amaranthus tetroflexus, Amaranthus viridis (Amaranthaceae).

Distribution: Liaoning, Jilin.

Specimens: HMSAU 1092, HMSAU 1093, HMSAU 343.

Notes: Two Phyllosticta species, P. amaranthi and P. atriplicis, have been described on Amaranthus. They were reclassified as Phoma macrostoma var. macrostoma (conidia subglobose, ellipsoidal to oblong, mainly asptate, 8.5–14 × 2.5–4 μm) (Boerema et al. 2004) and Ascochyta caulina (conidiogenous cells 4–7 μm diam, conidia 1–3-septate, irregularly multiguttulate, 12–27 × 3.5–7.5 μm), respectively. The Chinese specimens had elliptical, cylindrical, 1-celled, hyaline conidia with 2 guttules that measured 10–14 × 3–4 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai 2003, p. 48), which is most likely Phoma macrostoma var. macrostoma.

8. Phyllosticta amaryllidicola van der Aa, Studies in Mycology, 5: 27, 1973.

Host: Lycoris radiata (Amaryllidaceae).

Distribution: Yunnan.

Specimens: HMSAU 2334.

Notes: Phyllosticta amaryllidicola was mistakenly spelt as P. amaryllicola by Bai (2003, p. 48). The description of the specimen from China (Bai 2003, p. 48) matched Aa’s description of the type specimen (van der Aa 1973).

9. Phyllosticta amaryllidis Bresadola, Hedwigia 35: 55, 1896.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Sansevieria trifasciata (Asperagaceae).

Distribution: Yunnan.

Specimens: HMSAU 2349.

Notes: Three Phyllosticta species, P. amaryllidis, P. cycadina and P. sansevieriae were reported from Sansevieria spp. (Farr and Rossman 2012). These species have been reclassified as Asteromella amaryllidis, Asterromella sp., and Phoma sp. respectively (van der Aa and Vanev 2002). In the description of the specimen of P. amaryllidis from China (Bai 2003, p. 50), the shapes and sizes of conidiogenous cells and conidia are smaller than those of Asteromella amaryllidis (van der Aa and Vanev 2002). The conidial size of the Chinese specimen is 3.5–4 × 1–1.5 μm (Bai 2003, p. 50), and matches P. sansevieriae, which has been reclassified as a Phoma species (Batista 1952; van der Aa and Vanev 2002). Both P. amaryllidis and P. sansevieriae maybe small-spored Phoma species, because they lack a mucilaginous sheath and an apical appendage.

10. Phyllosticta ambrosioidis Thümen, Contr. Myc. Lusit., 592, 1878.

→ Asteromella sp. or Phoma sp.

Host: Chenopodium album (Atripliceae).

Distribution: Heilongjiang, Jilin, Tibet.

Specimens: HMSAU 57, HMSAU 1317, HMSAU 2666.

Notes: The Chinese specimens had conidiogenous cells that are flask-shaped, 1-celled, hyaline, and conidia that are ovoid, ellipsoidal, 1-celled, hyaline, 3–5 × 1–1.5 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai 2003, p. 71). This species may be a small-spored Phoma or Asteromella species.

11. Phyllosticta anacardiacearum van der Aa, Studies in Mycology, 5: 31, 1973.

→ Phyllosticta capitalensis Henn.

Host: Elaeocarpus glabripetalus (Elaeocarpaceae).

Distribution: Zhejiang.

Specimen: Elaeocarpus glabripetalus, Hangzhou, Zhejiang.

Notes: Lou et al. (2009) reported leaf blight of Elaeocarpus glabripetalus in Zhejiang, China. The pathogen was identified as P. anacardiacearum, based on morphology and ITS sequence data (EU821356–EU821361). The ITS sequences of this record EU821356 was identical to the ITS sequence (JF261465) of the epitye strain of Phyllosticta capitalensis (CPC18848) (Bai 2003; Glienke et al. 2011). The conidial size of the Chinese specimen (10–13 × 6–8 μm) agree with the description given by Glienke et al. 2011) for P. capitalensis (11–12 × 6–7 μm).

12. Phyllosticta angelicae Saccardo, Michelia, 2: 620, 1880.

→ Asteromella sp.

Host: Angelica dahurica (Apiaceae).

Distribution: Liaoning.

Specimen: HMSAU 1527.

Notes: The current name of P. angelicae is Asteromella angelicae (Sacc.) Moesz ex Bat. & Peres (Batista and Peres 1961). The morphology of the Chinese specimen (Bai 2003, p. 215) indicates an Asteromella species, i.e. branched conidiophores, conidiogenous cells ampulliform, hyaline, 3–6 × 1.5–2 μm, conidia ellipsoidal, round at both ends, 1-celled, hyaline, with one guttule, 3–5 × 1.5–2 μm.

13. Phyllosticta annonae Henn. Hedwiga, 41: 104, 1902.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Annona squamosa (Annonaceae).

Distribution: Yunnan.

Specimen: HMSAU 2335.

Notes: This species has been reclassified in Phoma which produce ellipsoid or ovoid conidia measuring 5.7–8.1 × 2. 6–3.2 μm (van der Aa and Vanev 2002). The conidia of specimen from China were smaller than those of Phyllosticta annonae (3–4 × 1.5–2 μm vs. 5.7–8.1 × 2. 6–3.2 μm) (Bai 2003, p. 51). This indicates that it is a small-spored Phoma species.

14. Phyllosticta apii Halsted, Rep. New. Jers. Agric. St., 253, 1891.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Saposhnikovia divaricata (Apiaceae).

Distribution: Liaoning.

Specimen: HMSAU 2350.

Notes: Bai (2003, p. 216) described specimens from China as conidiogenous cells ampulliform, 1-celled, hyaline, 5–8 × 2–3 μm, conidia oblong or long-fusiform, 1-celled, hyaline, 7–9 × 2–3.5 μm. As the conidia lacked a mucilaginous sheath and an apical appendage, this species most likely represents a Phoma species.

15. Phyllosticta apocyni Ellis & Martius, New North Am. Fungi in Am. Nat. Dec., p. 1264, 1884.

→ Phyllosticta apocyni-androsaemifolii Bubák & Dearness

Host: Ecdysanthera rosea (Apocynaceae).

Distribution: Yunnan.

Specimen: HMSAU 2340.

Notes: The specimens from China had conical conidiogenous cells, 3–6 × 2–4 μm; conidia globose or subglobose, 1-celled, 10–12 × 7–8 μm, with a mucilaginous sheath and an apical appendage, 5–13 μm long (Bai 2003, p. 53). This is in accordance with the description of P. apocyni-androsaemifolii, which is a synonym of Phyllosticta apocyni Ellis & Martius (van der Aa and Vanev 2002).

16. Phyllosticta arecae Höhnel, Sber. Akad. Wiss. Wien math. Naturw Kl., 1, 121; 385, 1912.

Host: Areca catechu (Areceae).

Distribution: Hainnan.

Specimen: HMSAU 2216.

Notes: The Chinese specimen (Bai 2003, p. 153) is typical P. arecae based on the similarity of the leaf spots (pale brown, with broad darker brown margin), pycnidia (globose or subglobose, 65–100 μm in diameter), conidiogenous cells (conical, 7.5–10 × 5–6 μm), and conidia (ovoidal, ellipsoidal or cylindrical, with guttules, 6–12.5 × 5–7 μm) with the original description (Höhnel 1912).

17. Phyllosticta argyrea Spegazzini, Fung. Arg. Pug., 2: 121. 1880.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Elaeagnus umbellata (Elaeagnaceae).

Distribution: Henan, Liaoning, Shandong, Zhejiang.

Specimen: HMSAU 2000.

Notes: The conidia of Chinese specimen are longer than Phyllosticta argyrea (ovoid, acute at one or both ends, 1-celled, hyaline, 5–8 × 1.5–2 μm), and lack a mucilaginous sheath and an apical appendage (Bai 2003, p. 86), which indicates that it belongs to Phoma.

18. Phyllosticta arida Earle, Torr. Bot. Cl, 367, 1898.

→ Phyllosticta minima (Berkeley & M.A. Curtis) Underwood & Earle

Host: Acer cinnamomifolium (Aceraceae).

Distribution: Hainan, Jilin.

Specimens: HMSAU 2618.

Notes: P. arida is a synonym of P. minima (van der Aa and Vanev 2002). Based on the the conidial size and presence of a mucilaginous sheath, as well as host species, the Chinese specimen (Bai 2003, p. 47) is in accordance with P. minima (van der Aa 1973).

19. Phyllosticta astragalicola Massalongo, Bot. Centr., 26: 386, 1890.

→ Asteromella sp.

Host: Astragalus tibetanus (Fabaceae).

Distribution: Xinjiang.

Specimen: HMSAU 2223.

Notes: Two species of Phyllosticta, P. astragali and P. astragalicola, have been described from Astragalus spp. These two species have conidial sizes of 13–16 × 3 μm and 3–4 × 1–1.5 μm, respectively (Saccardo 1884, 1892), and each lack a mucilaginous sheath and an apical appendage, which thus do not belong to Phyllosticta. The Chinese specimen had conidia that are ellipsoidal or bacilliform, 4–6 × 1–1.5 μm (Bai 2003, p. 115), which is longer than the original description of P. astragalicola. The Chinese specimen is likely an Asteromella species.

20. Phyllosticta atractyli (Sicard) Koval, Jour. Bot. Acad. Sci. Ukr., 18(2): 75, 1961.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Atractylodes japonica (Asteraceae).

Distribution: Liaoning.

Specimen: HMSAU 2336.

Notes: The conidia of the Chinese specimen (Bai 2003, p. 76) were longer than Phyllosticta atractyli (6–8 × 2–2.5 μm vs. 4–5 × 2–2.5 μm) (van der Aa and Vanev 2002) and also lacked a mucilaginous sheath and an apical appendage. It may represent a Phoma species.

21. Phyllosticta bauhiniae Cooke, Grevillea., 12: 26, 1883.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Bauhinia variegata (Fabaceae).

Distribution: Yunnan.

Specimens: HMSAU 2338, HMSAU 2339.

Notes: The only known species described from Bauhinia spp. is P. capitalensis. Phyllosticta bauhinicola described from Bauhinia sp. was considered to represent Phoma macrostoma var. macrostoma (van der Aa and Vanev 2002), with conidia ovoidal or short cylindrical, 3–8.5 × 1.2–3.6 μm. The morphology of P. bauhiniae in the original description is similar to P. bauhinicola (conidia ellipsoidal, 7.5 × 2 μm) (Cooke 1883). The Chinese specimens had conidia size of 5–7 × 1.5–2 μm (Bai 2003, p. 116) and represent a Phoma species.

22. Phyllosticta boussingaultiae Spegazzini, Fg. Agr. novi v. Crit., 312, 1899.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Basella rubra (Basellaceae).

Distribution: Yunan.

Specimen: HMSAU 2337.

Notes: The Chinese record is the only known report of Phyllosticta species from Basella. The morphological description (Bai 2003, p. 58) indicated that it is a Phoma species with small, ellipsoidal to ovoid conidia. Several Phoma species have been reported from Basella spp., including Phoma albae and Phoma exigua, the later has subsequently been reclassified as Boeremia exigua var. exigua (Aveskamp et al. 2010).

23. Phyllosticta bejeirinckii Vuillemin, Journ. de Bot., 2: 255, 1888.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Prunus mume (Rosaceae).

Distribution: Guangdong.

Specimen: HMSAU 2218.

Notes: Phyllosticta beijerinckii has conidia that are ellipsoidal, hyaline, 6 × 5 μm. The conidia of the Chinese specimen (Bai 2003, p. 179) are longer (7.5–10 × 5–6 μm) than those of P. beijerinckii, and lack a mucilaginous sheath and an apical appendage. This may be a large-spored Phoma species.

24. Phyllosticta berberidis Rabenhorst, Herb. Myc. N., 1865, 1860.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Mahonia bealei (Berberidaceae).

Distribution: Jilin.

Specimen: HMSAU 1168.

Notes: The conidia of P. berberidis reported from China are 1-celled, ellipsoidal or cylindrical, 5–6 × 2–3 μm and lack a mucilaginous sheath and an apical appendage (Bai 2003, p. 59). Phyllosticta berberidis has been reclassified as Phoma macrostoma var. macrostoma (van der Aa and Vanev 2002). However, the conidia of Phoma macrostoma var. macrostoma are 0–3–septate, variable in shape, 5–14 × 2.5–4 μm. The Chinese specimen represents another Phoma species with small conidia.

25. Phyllosticta brassicae (Currey) Westendorp, Bull. Brux. 397, 1851.

→ Phoma lingam (Tode) Desm.

Host: Brassica oleracea (Brassicaceae).

Distribution: Hebei, Jilin, Sichuan.

Specimen: HMSAU 702.

Notes: In the original description of Phyllosticta brassicae (Westendorp 1851), the conidial size was not given and this species has since been reclassified as Phoma lingam (van der Aa and Vanev 2002; Boerema et al. 2004). Boerema et al. (2004) considered Phoma lingam had ellipsoidal or sub-ellipsoidal conidia, with 2 polar guttules, and measured 3.5–4.5 × 1–1.5 μm. In Bai’s (2003, p. 82) Chinese record, the fungus was parasitic on leaves of Brassica spp., with ampulliform, 1-celled and hyaline conidiogenous cells, and ellipsoidal, hyaline, 1-celled, conidia that measured 3–5 × 1.5–2 μm. The characters are in accordance with Phoma lingam.

26. Phyllosticta camelliae Kickx, Flor. Crypt. Flandr, 1–490, 1867.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Camellia sinensis (Theaceae).

Distribution: Anhui, Sichuan.

Specimens: HMSAU 2251, HMSAU 2633.

Notes: Phyllosticta camelliae has been synonymized with Phomopsis theae by van der Aa and Vanev (2002), which produces conidia ellipsoidal, fusiform, 1-celled, hyaline, with 2 guttules, 6–9 × 2–3 μm. The Chinese specimens had short conidia, (ellipsoidal, round at both ends, 1-celled, hyaline, with 2 guttules, 4–6 × 2–2.5 μm) and the short unbranched conidiogenous cells (ampulliform, 1-celled, hyaline 5–7.5 × 4–5 μm) (Bai 2003, p. 207). This indicates that this specimen belong to a Phoma species.

27. Phyllosticta cannabis (L.A. Kirchner) Spegazzini, Nov. Add. n. 150, 1875.

→ Phoma cannabis (L.A. Kirchn.) McPartl.

Host: Cannabis sativa (Cannabaceae).

Distribution: Jilin, Liaoning.

Specimens: HMSAU 707, HMSAU 1849, HMSAU 478.

Notes: Phyllosticta cannabis has been synonymized with Phoma cannabis (L.A. Kirchner) McPartland (1994). The host and morphology of the Chinese specimens (Bai 2003, p. 140) are in accordance with the original description (McPartland 1994).

28. Phyllosticta capitalensis Henn. Hedwigia, 48: 13, 1908.

Hosts: Citrus spp. (Rutaceae), Annona squamosa (Annonaceae), Thea sinensis (Theaceae), Dracaena cambodiana (Asparagaceae), Aquilaria sinensis (Thymelaeaceae), Musa sp. (Musaceae).

Distribution: Chongqing, Guizhou, Fujian, Zhejiang, Shandong, Yunnan.

Specimens: GZAAS 6.1201, GZAAS 6.1242, GZAAS 6.1202.

Notes: P. capitalensis is an endophyte with wide geographic distribution and range of hosts (Baayen et al. 2002; Glienke et al. 2011). Based on the ITS sequence of epitype designated by Glienke et al. (2011) and recent reports (Lou et al. 2009; Lin et al. 2010; Jin 2011; Xing et al. 2011; Wang et al. 2012; Wu et al. 2014), P. capitalensis is widely distributed in China.

29. Phyllosticta caprifolii (Opiz) Saccardo, Micheia, 1: 137, 1878.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Lonicera praeflorens (Caprifoliaceae).

Distribution: Liaoning.

Specimen: HMSAU 1528.

Notes: Other than the record by Bai (2003, p. 64), species of Phyllosticta have not been recorded on Lonicera spp. The specimen from China produced 1-celled ovoid conidia that measured 4–6 × 2–3.5 μm. It is likely a Phoma species.

30. Phyllosticta capsici Spegazzini, Fg. Arg. Novi. V. Crit., 314, 1899.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Capsicum annuum (Capsiceae).

Distribution: Jilin, Tibet.

Specimens: HMSAU 636, HMSAU 2765.

Notes: The conidia of specimen from China (Bai 2003, p. 204) are smaller (4–6 × 1.5–2.5 μm) than Phyllosticta capsici (7–8 × 3.5–4 μm) (Saccardo 1902). The Chinese specimens had conidia that lacked a mucilaginous sheath and an apical appendage, which indicates a Phoma species.

31. Phyllosticta caraganae Sydow, Hedwigia, 134, 1899.

→ Phoma macrostoma Mont.

Host: Caragana microphylla (Fabaceae).

Distribution: Inner Mongolia.

Specimen: HMSAU 2255.

Notes: Phyllosticta caraganae has long-oval conidia that measured 5–7 × 2–2.5 μm (Sydow 1899). van der Aa and Vanev (2002) considered that this species was Phoma macrostoma. The morphology of Chinese specimens (Bai 2003, p. 118) matches the original descriptions of Phoma macrostoma (Montagne 1849).

32. Phyllosticta carochlae N. Zhou et al. Fungal Biol. X: X, 2015.

Host: Caryota ochlandra (Palmae).

Distribution: Fujian.

Specimens: HMAS 245578, CGMCC 3.17317, CGMCC 3.17318.

Note: This is an accepted Phyllosticta species with typical morphology and well inferred phylogenetic relationships (Zhou et al. 2015).

33. Phyllosticta castaneae Ellis & Everhart, Proc. Acad. Phil., 2357, 1894.

→ Phomopsis sp.

Hosts: Castanea mollissima (Fagaceae), Castanopsis sclerophylla (Fagaceae), Lithocarpus sp. (Fagaceae).

Distribution: Anhui, Hainan, Jilin.

Specimens: HMSAU 1127, HMSAU 2659, HMSAU 2647.

Notes: The conidia of P. castaneae are hyaline, 6–8 × 2.5–3 μm (Ellis and Everhart 1894; Saccardo 1895). However, van der Aa and Vanev (2002) observed poorly developed Phomopsis species on the holotype. The morphological characters of the Chinese specimens also point to a Phomopsis species with conidiogenous cells ampulliform, 1-celled, hyaline, 5–12 × 4–6 μm, and conidia oval, cylindrical, fusiform, 1-celled, hyaline, 6–8 × 2.5–3 μm (Bai 2003, p. 97).

34. Phyllosticta celticola Bubák & Kabák, Ann. Myc., 5: 42, 1907.

→ Phoma macrostoma var. macrostoma Mont.

Host: Celtis bungeana (Cannabaceae).

Distribution: Liaoning.

Specimen: HMSAU 2037.

Notes: Phyllosticta celtidicola was erroneously spelt as P. celticola by Bai (2003, p. 211). Phyllosticta celtidicola has been considered a synonym of Phoma macrostoma var. macrostoma (Gruyter et al. 2002).

35. Phyllosticta chaenomelesicola L. Yu & J. K. Bai, Acta Mycol. Sin. 14(3): 192, 1995.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Chaenomeles speciosa (Rosaceae).

Distribution: Liaoning.

Specimen: HMSAU 1981 (holotype).

Notes: According to the morphological description of the type material, this species has holoblastic, 1-celled, hyaline conidiogenous cells, and ovoid, cylindrical, 1-celled, hyaline conidia that measure 8–11 × 5–6 μm (Bai 2003, p. 171), which is more typical for a Phoma species.

36. Phyllosticta chrysanthemi Ellis & Dearness, Canad. Rec. Sc., 268, 1893.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Dendranthema morifolium (Asteraceae).

Distribution: Guangdong.

Specimen: HMSAU 2204.

Notes: The pycnidia of the type material of Phyllosticta chrysanthemi contained brown ovoid to ellipsoidal conidia that measured 4–5 × 2.5–3 μm (Saccardo 1895; van der Aa and Vanev 2002). This could be a Microsphaeropsis species. The conidia of the specimen from China were hyaline, ellipsoidal, oval, 4–6 × 2–2.5 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai 2003, p. 77), which indicates a Phoma sp.

37. Phyllosticta cirsii Desmazières, Ann. S. N., 31, 1847.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Cirsium sp. (Asteraceae).

Distribution: Liaoning.

Specimen: HMSAU 1992.

Notes: This is a Phoma species with 1-celled, hyaline, ovoid, ellipsoidal conidia that measured 3–5 × 2–2.5 μm (Bai 2003, p. 73).

38. Phyllosticta citriasiana Wulandari, Crous & Gruyter, Fungal Diversity, 34: 23, 2009.

Host: Citrus maxima (Rutaceae).

Distribution: Fujian, Guangdong.

Specimens: ZJUCC 200901, ZJUCC 200914.

Notes: Wang et al. (2012) investigated Phyllosticta species associated with Citrus spp. in China and identified three species, P. citriasiana, P. citricarpa and P. citrichinaensis. These three taxa are true Phyllosticta spp. with typical morphology and confirmed phylogenetic placement (ITS GenBank number: JN791637, JN791597, JN791644).

39. Phyllosticta citricarpa (McAlpine) van der Aa, Stud. Mycol., 5: 40, 1973.

Hosts: Citrus reticulata, Citrus sinensis (Rutaceae).

Distribution: Chongqing, Jiangxi, Zhejiang.

Specimens: ZJUCC 200968, ZJUCC 200946, ZJUCC 200928.

References: Wang et al. (2012). Fungal diversity, 52, pp. 209–224.

Note: See notes under Phyllosticta citriasiana.

40. Phyllosticta citrichinaensis X.H. Wang, K.D. Hyde & H.Y. Li, Fungal Diversity, 52: 209, 2012.

Host: Citrus maxima (Rutaceae).

Distribution: Guangdong.

Specimen: ZJU 201006 (holotype).

References: Wang et al. (2012). Fungal diversity, 52, pp. 209–224.

Note: See notes under Phyllosticta citriasiana.

41. Phyllosticta clematidis Ellis & Dearness, New Spec. Canad. Fung. In Canad. Rec. Sc., 268, 1893.

→ Phoma clematidina (Thüm.) Boerema

Host: Clematis heraeleifolia (Ranunculaceae).

Distribution: Sichuan, Hainan.

Specimens: HMSAU 2643, HMSAU 2708.

Notes: P. clematidicola Brunad, P. clematidis Brunad and P. clematidis have been described from Clematis spp. All have been reclassified as Phoma clematidina (van der Aa and Vanev 2002). The description of the Chinese specimens (Bai 2003, p. 164) matches the description of Phoma clematidina (Saccardo 1895, 1899).

42. Phyllosticta cocos Cooke, Grevillea 8: 94, 1880.

→ Phomopsis cocoina (Cooke) Punith.

Host: Rhapis excelsa (Arecaceae).

Distribution: Jilin.

Specimen: HMSAU 2658.

Notes: Punithalingam (1975) examined the types of Phoma cocoina Cooke, Phyllosticta cocos and Phomopsis cocoes Petch, and combined them into Phomopsis cocoina (Cooke) Punith. In the original description, the conidia of Phomopsis cocoina are ellipsoidal and 8 μm long. The conidia of the specimen from China are fusiform or ellipsoidal, 6–7.5 × 2–2.5 μm (Bai 2003, p. 155), which is in general accordance with Phomopsis cocoina.

43. Phyllosticta coffeicola Speg., Revta. Fac. Agron. Univ. nac. La Plata, 2: 345, 1896.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Coffea ababica (Rubiaceae).

Distribution: Hainan.

Specimen: HMSAU 2214.

Notes: The Chinese specimen (Bai 2003, p. 191) had conidiogenous cells ampulliform, 1-celled, hyaline, 3–5 × 3–4 μm, conidia ellipsoidal or oval, 1-celled, hyaline, 3–4 × 1.5–2 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages. This specimen may be a small-spored Phoma species.

44. Phyllosticta commelinicola Young, Mycologia, 7: 144, 1915.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Commelina communis (Commelinaceae).

Distribution: Liaoning.

Specimens: HMSAU 456, HMSAU 1847, HMSAU 2068.

Notes: The conidial size of the specimen from China was similar to that in the original description of P. commelinicola (8–17 × 3–5 μm vs. 9.6–14.4 × 4.8–7.2 μm) (Young 1915). However, the conidial shape is cylindrical rather than ovoid in the original description. The description of the Chinese specimens (Bai 2003, p. 72) also indicated that the conidia were medianly constricted, which may represents a large-spored Phoma sp. because the conidia lack a mucilaginous sheath and an apical appendage.

45. Phyllosticta commonsii Ellis & Everhart, Jour. Myc., 146, 1889.

→ Phoma sp.

Hosts: Paeonia lactiflora, Paeonia suffruticosa (Paeoniaceae).

Distribution: Jilin.

Specimens: HMSAU 918, HMSAU 980.

Notes: Ellis and Everhart (1889) described the conidia of P. commonsii as oblong or ellipsoidal, smoky hyaline, 4–5 × 2–2.5 μm. Examination of type specimen showed two fungi present, i.e. Microsphaeropsis-like species with pigmented conidia, as well as Phoma exigua (van der Aa and Vanev 2002). The Chinese specimens had conidiogenous cells ampulliform, 1-celled, hyaline, 4–6 × 1.5–2.5 μm, and conidia measured 4–7.5 × 2–2.5 μm, which indicates a Phoma species (Bai 2003, p. 164).

46. Phyllosticta convallaricola L. Yu & J. K. Bai, Acta Mycologica Sinica, 14(3): 193, 1995.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Convallaria keisei (Asparagaceae).

Distribution: Jilin.

Specimen: HMSAU 995.

Note: Phyllosticta convallaricola has been considered a small-spored Phoma sp. by van der Aa and Vanev (2002).

47. Phyllosticta coriariicola Spegazzini, Fungi Chilenses, 138, 1910.

→ Asteromella sp.

Host: Coriaria sinica (Coriariaceae).

Distribution: Sichuan.

Specimen: HMSAU 2728.

Note: The Chinese specimen had bacilliform, 1-celled conidia (Bai 2003, p. 125), indicating an Asteromella species.

48. Phyllosticta coryli Westendorp, Bull. Acad. Roy. Belg., 19: 9, 1851.

→ Boeremia exigua (Desm.) Aveskamp, Gruyter & Verkley.

Host: Corylus heterophylla (Betulaceae).

Distribution: Jilin.

Specimen: HMSAU 1129.

Notes: Phyllosticta coryli has been reclassified as Boeremia exigua (van der Aa and Vanev 2002). The Chinese specimen had hyaline, ellipsoidal, conidia that measured 4–6.5 × 2–3 μm (Bai 2003, p. 60), which are similar to Boeremia exigua (Westendorp 1851).

49. Phyllosticta cotoneastri Allescher, Hedwigia, 1: 158, 1897.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Cotoneaster multiflorus (Rosaceae).

Distribution: Liaoning.

Specimen: HMSAU 2043.

Notes: Phyllosticta cotoneastri was reclassified as Phoma asiatica by van der Aa and Vanev (2002). The Chinese specimen (5–7 × 2.5–4 μm) had conidia that are shorter and broader than the type of Phoma asiatica (Bai 2003, p. 173). The Chinese specimen may be an unidentified Phoma sp.

50. Phyllosticta crastophila Saccardo, Michelia, 1: 153, 1878.

→ Phoma herbarum Cooke.

Hosts: Setaria italica, Setaria viridis, Setaria spp. (Paniceae).

Distribution: Inner Mongolia, Jilin.

Specimens: HMSAU 656, HMSAU 1400, HMSAU 1132, HMSAU 1399.

Notes: The conidia of P. crastophila are oblong, with obtuse ends, 2-guttulate, hyaline, and measured 5–6 × 2 μm (Saccardo 1878); the species has been reclassified as Phoma herbarum (van der Aa and Vanev 2002). Chinese specimens associated with different hosts have conidia of different sizes (Bai 2003). On Setaria italica, the conidia are ovoid, cylindrical, 4–6 × 1.5–2 μm, and on Setaria viridis, the conidia are 7–10 × 2.5–3.5 μm; both lacked a mucilaginous sheath and an apical appendage (Bai 2003). The former matches the description of Phoma herbarum, while the fungus on Setaria viridis may represent another Phoma sp.

51. Phyllosticta crataegicola Saccardo, Michelia, 1; 1878.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Crataegus pinnatifida (Rosaceae).

Distribution: Jilin, Liaoning.

Specimens: HMSAU 892, HMSAU 1261, HMSAU 891, HMSAU 1057.

Notes: The Chinese specimens appear to be a small-spored Phoma species, with ovoid, ellipsoidal conidia that measure 4–5 × 2. 5–3 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths or apical appendages (Bai 2003, p. 174).

52. Phyllosticta cruenta (Fries) Kickx, Flor. Crypt. Flandr. 1: 412, 1849.

Host: Polygonatum macropodium (Asparagaceae).

Distribution: Inner Mongolia.

Specimen: HMSAU 1771.

Note: The specimen from China is typical of P. cruenta (van der Aa 1973; Bai 2003, p. 125).

53. Phyllosticta cucurbitacearum Saccardo, Michelia, 1: 145, 1878.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Cucurbita moshata (Cucurbitaceae).

Distribution: Jilin.

Specimen: HMSAU 981.

Note: This is a Phoma sp. with 1-celled, hyaline, ellipsoidal or cylindrical conidia that measure 5–7 × 2–2.5 μm, without a mucilaginous sheath or apical appendage (Bai 2003, p. 83).

54. Phyllosticta cycadina Passerini, Atti Accad. Naz. Lincei, Rendiconti Adunanze Solenni, Ser 4: 66, 1888.

→ Asteromella sp.

Host: Cycas revoluta (Cycadaceae).

Distribution: Liaoning.

Specimen: HMSAU 2461.

Notes: The conidia of P. cycadina are hyaline, bacilliform, 2.5 × 0.5–0.7 μm (Saccardo 1892), and resemble an Asteromella sp. (van der Aa and Vanev 2002). Conidia from the Chinese specimen are larger than the type of P. cycadina (3–4 × 1–1.5 μm vs. 2.5 × 0.5–0.7 μm) (Passerini 1888; Bai 2003, p. 85). The Chinese specimen is likely an Asteromella sp.

55. Phyllosticta cynanchi Brunaud, Glan. Mycol., Ser 2: 6, 1892.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Cynanchum auriculatum (Apocynaceae).

Distribution: Jiangsu.

Specimen: HMSAU 2639.

Note: The description points to a Phoma species with conidia oblong to ovoidal, 5–7 × 3.5–5 μm (Bai 2003, p. 57).

56. Phyllosticta dahliaecola Brunaud, Champ. Saint., 429, 1887.

→ Boeremia exigua (Desm.) Aveskamp, Gruyter & Verkley.

Host: Dahlia variabilis (Asteraceae).

Distribution: Jilin.

Specimen: HMSAU 1179.

Notes: This species was reclassified as Phoma exigua (van der Aa and Vanev 2002), which was subsequently renamed Boeremia exigua (Aveskamp et al. 2010). The morphology of this specimen from China (Bai 2003, p. 75) is in accordance with Boeremia exigua.

57. Phyllosticta dalbergiicola Sydow, Bull. Herb. Boiss., 82, 1901.

→ Phomopsis nivea (Syd. & P. Syd.) van der Aa.

Host: Dalbergia sp. (Fabaceae).

Distribution: Hainan.

Specimen: HMSAU 2727.

Notes: Phyllosticta dalbergiicola has been reclassified as Phomopsis nivea (van der Aa and Vanev 2002). The description of the record from China (Bai 2003, p. 119) indicates conidia oblong, 5–7 × 2–3 μm, with 2 guttules, in accordance with Phomopsis.

58. Phyllosticta desmodiicola Diedicke, Ann. Myc., 14: 178, 1916.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Desmodium styracifolium (Fabaceae).

Distribution: Guangdong.

Specimen: HMSAU 2202.

Notes: According to van der Aa and Vanev (2002), the type specimen of P. desmodiicola contains several species including Phoma spp., Microsphaeropsis sp. and Didymella sp. The original description points to a Phoma species with conidia ellipsoidal or cylindrical, 5–7 × 2–3 μm (Sydow 1916). The specimen from China has similar conidial characters (Bai 2003, p. 121), indicating a Phoma species.

59. Phyllosticta deutziae Ellis & Everhart, Hourn. Myc., 146, 1889.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Deutzia prunifolia (Hydrangeaceae).

Distribution: Liaoning.

Specimen: HMSAU 1988.

Notes: In Ellis and Everhart’s (1889) original description, this species has sub-ellipsoidal, fuscous conidia, 4–5 × 3 μm. van der Aa and Vanev (2002) revised this species as Microsphaeropsis olivaceae, while in the specimen from China, the conidia are ellipsoidal, 1-celled, hyaline, bi-guttulate, 3–6 × 2–3.5 μm (Bai 2003, p. 198), which points to a Phoma species.

60. Phyllosticta deutziicola Petr., Annls Mycol. 12(5): 471, 1941.

Host: Deutzia scabra (Hydrangeaceae).

Distribution: Hebei, Liaoning.

Specimens: HMSAU 2638, HMSAU 2058.

Notes: P. deutziicola was wrongly spelt as P. deutzicola by Bai (2003, p. 197). This species has conidia ellipsoidal, hyaline, 2–5 × 1–4 μm (Petrak 1914), and was considered to be Phoma pomorum (van der Aa and Vanev 2002). In Bai’s description, the conidia of this record are bacilliform, 1-celled, hyaline, 3–4 × 1–1.5 μm, which differs from the type of Phoma pomorum. More information is needed to determine its classification.

61. Phyllosticta digitalis Bellynck, West. Exs., 1053, 1855.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Rehmannia glutinosa (Rehmanniaceae).

Distribution: Jilin.

Specimen: HMSAU 1105.

Notes: P. digitalis was first reported from Digitalis lutea, with conidia ovoid, 2-guttules, 7 × 2.5 μm (Saccardo 1884). The Chinese record lacks a mucilaginous sheath and an apical appendage (Bai 2003, p. 200), which indicates a Phoma species.

62. Phyllosticta draconis Berkeley, in Welw. F. Port. 5, 1853.

→ Phomopsis sp.

Host: Dracaena angustifolia (Asparagaceae).

Distribution: Yunnan.

Specimen: HMSAU 2609.

Notes: This name Phyllosticta draconis Berkeley reported in 1853 is invalid. P. draconis Berk. ex Cooke and P. draconis Berk. ex P. Karst were described later, with conidia 7 × 3 μm and 20 × 3 μm, respectively (Cooke 1885; Karsten 1896). The Chinese specimen had fusiform, biguttulate conidia, without a mucilatigous sheath or apical appendage (Bai 2003, p. 130), which is typical for alpha-conidia of Phomopsis species.

63. Phyllosticta eriobotryae Thümen, Contr. Fl. Mic. Lit., 215, 1877.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Eriobotrya japonica (Rosaceae).

Distribution: Jilin.

Specimen: HMSAU 1130.

Note: This is a Phoma species with oval, ellipsoidal, 1-celled, hyaline conidia that measure 3.5–6 × 2.5–3 μm (Bai 2003, p. 175).

64. Phyllosticta eucommiae F. X. Chao & P. K. Chi, Fungus Diseasea on Cultivated Medicinal Plants of Guangdong Province, 139, 1994.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Eucommia ulmoides (Eucommiaceae).

Distribution: Guangdong.

Specimen: HMSAU 2221.

Notes: This species was first reported in China; both the original description and non-original description did not mention the existence of a conidial appendage and mucilaginous sheath (Chi 1994; Bai 2003, p. 91). This is likely a Phoma species with conidia ellipsoidal, oval, 10–12.5 × 5–7 μm (van der Aa and Vanev 2002).

65. Phyllosticta euonymella Saccardo, Michelia, 1: 138, 1878.

→ Asteromella sp.

Host: Euonymus alatus (Celastraceae).

Distribution: Liaoning.

Specimen: HMSAU 1748.

Note: This is an Asteromella species with small conidia, hyaline, 1-celled, baciliform, 3–4 × 0.7–0.8 μm (Bai 2003, p. 70).

66. Phyllosticta euonymi-japonici L.L. Liu & G.Z. Lu Mycosystema, 26: 171, 2007.

Host: Euonymus japonica (Celastraceae).

Distribution: Liaoning.

Specimen: IBE 0000989 (holotype).

Notes: This is the only Phyllosticta species have been reported from Euonymus (Liu and Lu 2007). The morphology of this species is typical for Phyllosticta.

67. Phyllosticta forsythiae Saccardo, Fung. Ital. 87. 1877.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Forsythia suspensa (Oleaceae).

Distribution: Liaoning.

Specimen: HMSAU 2235.

Notes: The Chinese specimen had ovoid or ellipsoidal conidia, 4–6 × 2–3 μm (Bai 2003, p. 141). According to van der Aa and Vanev (2002), all collections of this species belong to Phoma exigua, which has already been reported from Forsythia spp. The record from China is also a Phoma species.

68. Phyllosticta fragaricola Desmazières & Robinson, Plant Crypt. Fr., 3: 686, 1859.

→ Phomopsis sp.

Host: Fragaria ananassa (Rosaceae).

Distribution: Liaoning, Jilin, Tibet.

Specimen: HMSAU 163, HMSAU 1845, HMSAU 984, HMSAU 2720.

Notes: This is a Phomopsis species with cylindrical, ampulliform, 1-celled, hyaline, branched conidiogenous cells, and cylindrical, ellipsoidal, 1-celled, hyaline conidia that measured 4–7 × 1.5–2 μm (Bai 2003, p. 70).

69. Phyllosticta gelsemii Ellis & Everhart, Journ. Myc., 7: 131, 1892.

Host: Strychnos nux-vomica (Loganiaceae).

Distribution: Hainan.

Specimen: HMSAU 2180.

Notes: P. gelsemii was first described from Gelsemium sp. (Ellis and Everhart 1892). van der Aa transferred this species to Colephoma (van der Aa and Vanev 2002). The Chinese specimen (Bai 2003, p. 132) is different from Colephoma gelsemii in producing broader conidiogenous cells (7.5–10 × 5–7.5 μm vs. 4–12 × 2.5–5 μm) and shorter conidia (7.5–12.5 × 5–6 μm vs. 14–21 × 2.5–3 μm). More information is needed to confirm the identity of the Chinese specimen.

70. Phyllosticta ghaesemnillae Kooders, Botan, Untersuch., 205, 1907.

Host: Codiaeum variegatum (Euphorbiaceae).

Distribution: Yunnan.

Specimen: HMSAU 2341.

Notes: Though Bai (2003, p. 92) did not indicate the existence of conidial appendages, other morphological characters (pycnidia 105–135 μm in diameter; conidiogenous cells cylindrical or conical, 4–6 × 2–3.5 μm; conidia ovoidal, with one guttule and mucilaginous sheath, 10–13 × 7–7.5 μm) are in good accordance with the descriptions of Kooders and van der Aa and Vanev (2002). The Chinese specimen refers to a Phyllosticta species.

71. Phyllosticta ginkgo Brunaud, Liste Sphaerops., 7: 1886.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgoaceae).

Distribution: Liaoning.

Specimen: HMSAU 1990.

Notes: The Chinese specimen had conidia that are ovoid, ellipsoidal, 4–5 × 2–2.5 μm, lacking a mucilaginous sheath and an apical appendage (Bai 2003, p. 99). This description points to a small spored Phoma species.

72. Phyllosticta glycines Thüm., Inst. Rev. Sci. Litt, Coimbra Ser. 3: 28:504, 1881.

→ Phoma sp.

Hosts: Glycine spp. (Fabaceae).

Distribution: Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Liaoning.

Specimens: HMSAU 432, HMSAU 573, HMSAU 993, HMSAU 926, HMSAU 1401, HMSAU 1531.

Notes: The Chinese specimens (Bai 2003, p. 121) had ampulliform, 1-celled, hyaline conidiogenous cells and oval, ellipsoidal, 1-celled, hyaline conidia that measured 4–7 × 2–3 μm, lacking a mucilaginous sheath and an apical appendage. This specimen belongs to a Phoma sp.

73. Phyllosticta grossulariae Saccardo, Michelia, 1: 136, 1878.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Ribes pauciflorum (Grossulariaceae).

Distribution: Liaoning.

Specimen: HMSAU 2082.

Notes: According to Boerema et al. (2004), Phoma macrostoma var. macrostoma has many synonyms, including Phyllosticta grossulariae. The conidial size of this specimen from China (5–6 × 2–3 μm) is smaller than that of Phoma macrostoma var. macrostoma. This might be another Phoma species because of the lack of a mucilaginous sheath and an apical appendage (Bai 2003, p. 199).

74. Phyllosticta guceviczii Zhilina, Izv. Akad. Nauk. Armyan S. S. R., Biol. Sci., 15: 65, 1962.

→ Asteromella sp.

Host: Dictamnus dasycarpus (Rutaceae).

Distribution: Jilin.

Specimen: HMSAU 1852.

Notes: The conidia of this specimen are bacilliform, 1-celled, hyaline, 3–4 × 1–1.5 μm (Bai 2003, p. 192). This is an Asteromella species.

75. Phyllosticta haynaldii Roumeguére & Saccardo, Sacc., Michelia, 2: 342, 1880.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Ilex cornuta (Aquifoliaceae).

Distribution: Liaoning.

Specimens: HMSAU 2342, HMSAU 2364.

Notes: The description of this specimen (Bai 2003, p. 17) showed that this record is a Phoma species with hyaline ovoidal, ellipsoidal conidia that measured 4–6.5 × 2–2.5 μm.

76. Phyllosticta hemerocallidis G. M. Chang & P. K. Chi, Chi et al., Fungus Diseases on Cultivated Medicinal Plants of Guangdong Province, 214, 1994.

→ Phyllosticta hemerocallidis (G. M. Chang & P. K. Chi) Vanev.

Host: Hemerocallis fliva (Xanthorrhoeaceae).

Distribution: Guangdong.

Specimen: HMSAU 2222.

Notes: Phyllosticta hemerocallidis (G. M. Chang & P. K. Chi) Vanev was first described as Phyllostictina hemerocallidis on cultivated medicinal plants (Chi 1994). It was transferred to Phyllosticta by van der Aa and Vanev (2002). In Flora Fungorum Sinicorum (Bai 2003, p. 128), this species was recorded with the wrong author name.

77. Phyllosticta heveae Zimmermann, Bull. Inst. Buttenuitenz., 10: 21, 1901.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Hevea sp. (Euphorbiaceae).

Distribution: Jilin.

Specimen: HMSAU 2069.

Notes: van der Aa and Vanev reclassified this species as Phomopsis ramicola (van der Aa and Vanev 2002), while the sketch and description of specimen from China (Bai 2003, p. 94) indicates a Phoma species with conidia ellipsoidal or ovoid with obtuse or acute at both ends, 3–7 × 2–3 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages.

78. Phyllosticta hostae Y.Y. Su & L. Cai, Persoonia, 28: 76, 2012.

Host: Hosta plantaginea (Asparagaceae).

Distribution: Beijing.

Specimen: HMAS242924 (holotype).

Note: This is an accepted Phyllosticta species with typical morphology and well inferred phylogenetic relationships (Su and Cai 2012).

79. Phyllosticta hubeiensis K. Zhang & L. Cai, Mycol. Prog., 2012.

Host: Viburnum odoratissimum (Adoxaceae).

Distribution: Hubei.

Specimen: HMAS 243495 (holotype).

Note: This species is an accepted Phyllosticta species with typical morphology and well inferred phylogenetic relationships (Zhang, Zhang, et al. 2013).

80. Phyllosticta iridis Ellis & Everhart, New Fung. in Proceed. Acad. N. Sc. Philad, 456, 1893.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Iris ensata (Iridaceae).

Distribution: Ningxia.

Specimen: HMSAU 2256.

Notes: According to the description of specimen from China (Bai 2003, p. 106), the conidia (ellipsoidal, oval or fusiform, 6–7.5 × 4–5 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages) are different from Phyllosticta species described form Iris spp., such as P. iridis (9–11 × 2.5 μm) P. iridum (10 × 2.5 μm) and P. pseudacori (5 × 2.5 μm). The description points to a Phoma species.

81. Phyllosticta jasmini Saccardo, Michelia, 1: 138, 1878.

Hosts: Jasminum spp. (Oleaceae).

Distribution: Tibet, Yunnan.

Specimens: HMSAU 2379, HMSAU 2343.

Notes: The description of the record in China indicates sheath surrounding the conidia, but no apical appendages were observed (Bai 2003, p. 143). Thus, there is not sufficient evidence to include this species in Phyllosticta. According to van der Aa and Vanev (2002), a second species, Phoma sp. has been observed from the holotype of P. jasmini. More information of the record from China is needed to confirm its identity.

82. Phyllosticta jasminicola (Desmazières) Saccardo, Syll. Fung., 11: 474, 1895.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Jasminum sambac (Oleaceae).

Distribution: Yunan.

Specimen: HMSAU 2344.

Notes: Based on the type specimen of P. jasminicola, this species has been revised as Asteromella jasminicola by Petrak (1934). The conidial size of Asteromella jasminicola is 2–3 × 0.5 μm. In the description of the Chinese specimen (Bai 2003, p. 144), the conidia are ellipsoidal, 3–4 × 2–2.5 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages, which are larger than Asteromella jasminicola. According to the illustration and description, this may be a Phoma species.

83. Phyllosticta jatrophae-podagricae Yadav & Rao, J. Univ. Poona, 54: 155, 1981.

→ Phomopsis sp.

Host: Jatropha podagrica (Euphorbiaceae).

Distribution: Yunan.

Specimen: HMSAU 2345.

Notes: Phyllosticta jatrophae-podagricae is the only species associated with Jatropha spp. The type of Phyllosticta jatrophae-podagricae was regarded as a Phoma species (van der Aa and Vanev 2002). The specimen from China has conidia that are fusiform, acute ends, 6–8 × 2–2.5 μm (larger than the type), with 1–2 guttules (Bai 2003, p. 96). This is likely a Phomopsis species.

84. Phyllosticta juglandis Saccardo, Michelia, 1: 135, 1878.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Juglans sieboldana var. cordiformis (Juglandaceae).

Distribution: Liaoning.

Specimen: HMSAU 2050.

Notes: The conidiogenous cells of this species are ampulliform, 1-celled, hyaline, 4–6 × 2–3 μm, and the conidia are ellipsoidal or cylindrical, 4–7 × 2.5–3 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai 2003, p. 107). The description also indicates that some of the conidia are brown. This record may be a Phoma species.

85. Phyllosticta kalopanacis G. Z. Lu & J. K. Bai, in Yu et al., Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University, 25(2): 156, 1994.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Kalopanax septemlobus (Araliaceae).

Distribution: Liaoning.

Specimen: HMSAU 2047.

Notes: This name was first published without any description (Yu et al. 1994). The description of the Chinese specimen indicated that the conidia are fusiform, or ellipsoidal, pointed at both ends, 6–7.5 × 1.5–2 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai 2003, p. 55). This species may be a Phoma species with small conidia.

86. Phyllosticta lantanae Passerini, Erb. Critt. It., 2: 1290, 1882.

→ Phoma sp.

Hosts: Viburnum fordiae, Viburnum sargentii (Adoxaceae).

Distribution: Liaoning, Taiwan.

Specimens: HMSAU 2635, HMSAU 2048.

Notes: The only accepted Phyllosticta species associated with Viburnum is Phyllosticta hubeiensis (Farr and Rossman 2012; Zhang, Su, et al. 2013), with conidia bearing mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages. This record represents a Phoma species with conidia 1-celled, oval, 5–7.5 × 2–2.5 μm (Bai 2003, p. 65).

87. Phyllosticta ligustri Saccardo, Michelia, 1:134, 1878.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Ligustrum japonicum (Oleaceae).

Distribution: Jilin.

Specimen: HMSAU 1058.

Notes: Fungus described by Saccardo was not observed from the type specimen of P. ligustri (van der Aa and Vanev 2002). In Saccardo’s original description, the conidia are ovoid, 6–7 × 2.5–3 μm, while the conidia of the specimen from China are shorter (3–5 × 2–3 μm), ellipsoidal, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai 2003, p. 145). This may be a Phoma species.

88. Phyllosticta lilii Ellis & Dearness, in Canad. Rec. Scienc., 267, 1893.

→ Phoma sp.

Hosts: Lilium brownie, Lilium souliei (Liliaceae).

Distribution: Guangdong.

Specimens: HMSAU 2182, HMSAU 2161.

Notes: Ellis and Everhart (1893) described P. lilii as the pycnidial stage of Leptosphaeria lilii, with conidia 4–5 × 2.5–3 μm. van der Aa and Vanev (2002) regarded this species as typical for Coniothyrium with typical brownish conidia. However, the record from China has hyaline, globose or ellipsoidal conidia, 3–5 × 2–2.5 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai 2003, p. 131). This may be a Phoma species.

89. Phyllosticta lindericola Ellis & Everhart, Proc. Acad. Phil., 354, 1894.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Lindera sp. (Lauraceae).

Distribution: Anhui.

Specimen: HMSAU 2700.

Notes: The conidia of P. lindericola are oblong or ellipsoidal, 4–7 × 2–3 μm (Ellis and Everhart 1894), while the conidia of the specimen from China are subglobose or ellipsoidal, 5–9 × 3–5 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages. Based on the type specimen, this could be a Phomopsis sp. (van der Aa and Vanev 2002), but the record from China is likely a Phoma species because of its ampulliform, 1-celled, hyaline conidiogenous cells, 5–7.5 × 5–6 μm (Bai 2003, p. 110).

90. Phyllosticta linocierae Thüm, Rev, Mycol. Toulouse 2:36, 1880.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Olea yunnanensis (Oleaceae).

Distribution: Yunnan.

Specimen: HMSAU 2509.

Notes: The Chinese specimen lacks a mucilaginous sheath and an apical appendage (Bai 2003, p. 147). Its morphological description indicates a Phoma species.

91. Phyllosticta liquidambaris-formosanae J. K. Bai & G. Z. Lu. Flora Fungorum Sinicorm, 15: 104, 2002.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Liquidambar formosana (Altingiaceae).

Distribution: Guangxi.

Specimen: HMSAU 2703.

Notes: In the original description, the conidiogenous cells of P. liquidambaris-formosanae are ampulliform, 1-celled, hyaline, 2–5 × 1.5–2 μm; the conidia are fusiform or oblong, 1-celled, hyaline, 5–7 × 2–2.5 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai 2003, p. 104). These morphological characters do not fit the the generic concept of Phyllosticta but indicate a Phoma species.

92. Phyllosticta lonicerae Westend., Bull. Acad. Brux, 18(2): 399, 1851.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Lonicera confusa (Caprifoliaceae).

Distribution: Guangdong.

Specimen: HMSAU 2213.

Notes: Phyllosticta lonicerae has been treated as a synonym of Kabatia periclymeni (Sutton 1980; van der Aa and Vanev 2002). The description of the conidiomata of the specimen from China (Bai 2003, p. 147) is atypical for Kabatia (Saccardo 1906). The morphology of this record (conidiogenous cells ampulliform, 1-celled, hyaline, 7.5–10 × 4–6 μm, conidia cylindrical, ellipsoidal, 1-celled, hyaline, with 2 guttules, 6–9 × 2.5–3 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages) indicates a Phoma species.

93. Phyllosticta ludwigiae Peck, Ann. Rep. Reg. N. Y. St. Mus. 44:135, 1891.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Oenothera biennis (Onagraceae).

Distribution: Sichuan.

Specimen: HMSAU 2624.

Notes: The conidia from the Chinese specimen are larger than the original description of P. ludwigiae (5–10 × 4–6 μm vs. 7–9 × 4 μm) and lack mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai 2003, p. 152). No accepted Phyllosticta sp. has been reported from Oenothera spp. The description of the Chinese specimen indicates a Phoma species.

94. Phyllosticta lychnidis Bondartsev, Bull. Jard. Jard. Imper. Bot. St. Petersh., 12: 102, 1912.

Host: Lychnis coronata (Caryophyllaceae).

Distribution: Liaoning.

Specimen: HMSAU 2083.

Notes: Phyllosticta lychnidis Bondartsev is a later homonym of P. lychnidis (Kuńze & J. C. Schmidt: Fries) Ellis & Everhart. Both names have been reclassified as Boeremia exigua (Phoma exigua) (van der Aa et al. 2000; van der Aa and Vanev 2002; Aveskamp et al. 2010). The morphology of specimen from China is generally similar to Boeremia exigua, but Bai (2003, p. 68) also mentioned the existence of short colloidal appendages; thus, more information is needed to confirm its identity.

95. Phyllosticta lythri Cejp, Nova Hedwigia, 18(2–4): 564, 1969.

→ Boeremia exigua (Desm.) Aveskamp, Gruyter & Verkley.

Host: Lythrum salicaria (Lythraceae).

Distribution: Jilin.

Specimen: HMSAU 2394.

Notes: Boerema and Dorenbosch (1973) reported Phoma exigua from Lythrum sp., which has been reclassified as Boeremia exigua (Aveskamp et al. 2010). The morphology of the Chinese specimen is in good accordance with the original description of Boeremia exigua, with subglobose or ellipsoidal or subglobose conidia that measure 4–6 × 2–2.5 μm (Bai 2003, p. 133).

96. Phyllosticta macleayae Naito, Memoirs of the College of Agriculture, Kyoto, 47: 46, 1940.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Macleaya cordata (Papaveraceae).

Distribution: Jilin.

Specimen: HMSAU 1059.

Notes: The original description of Phyllosticta macleayae indicates the existence of septa in conidia (Naito 1940). van der Aa and Vanev (2002) pointed out that this species may be conspecific to Phoma glaucii. In the description of the Chinese specimen, Bai (2003, p. 156) indicated the existence of constrictions in the middle of the conidia, but no septum was observed. Based on morphology, this is a Phoma species.

97. Phyllosticta magnoliae Saccardo, Michelia, 1: 139, 1878.

Hosts: Michelia alba, Magnolia denudata, Magnolia liliflora (Magnoliaceae).

Distribution: Jilin, Liaoning, Sichuan.

Specimens: HMSAU 2080, HMSAU 2707, HMSAU 1060.

Notes: Various Phyllosticta records have been reported from Michelia and Magnolia species, including P. magnoliae Sacc., P. cookie Sacc., P. magnolia-pumilae Sawada, P. yugokwa Sawada and P. kobus P. Henn. All these species have been placed in Phoma. (van der Aa and Vanev 2002), except P. kobus which has typical conidia of Phyllosticta, 9–12 × 6–8 μm, with mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Hennings 1905). The conidia of the specimen from China are ellipsoidal, 5–7 × 2.5–3 μm, lacking apical appendages (Bai 2003, p. 134), which do not place it in Phyllosticta.

98. Phyllosticta malkoffii Bubak, Ann. Myc., 6: 24, 1908.

→ Boeremia exigua (Desm.) Aveskamp, Gruyter & Verkley.

Host: Gossypium herbaceum (Malvaceae).

Distribution: Liaoning.

Specimen: HMSAU 6022.

Notes: This species has been synonymized with Boeremia exigua (Aveskamp et al. 2010). The Chinese specimen matches the original description of Boeremia exigua (Bai 2003, p. 136).

99. Phyllosticta medicaginis (Fuckel) Saccardo, Syll. Fung. 3: 42, 1884.

→ Boeremia exigua (Desm.) Aveskamp, Gruyter & Verkley.

Hosts: Medicago sativa (Fabaceae), Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fabaceae).

Distribution: Jilin, Xinjiang.

Specimens: HMSAU 512, HMSAU 2692.

Notes: Phyllosticta bonanseana and P. medicaginis have been described on Medicago sp. P. trilobachne and P. medicaginis have been described on Trigonella sp.; but none of these is an accepted species in Phyllosticta. P. bonanseana, P. medicaginis, P. trilobachne have been reclassified as Phoma exigua var. exigua, Sporonema phacidioides and Phoma sp., respectively (van der Aa and Vanev 2002). The current name of Phoma exigua var. exigua is Boeremia exigua (Aveskamp et al. 2010), with conidia variable in shape, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, mainly aseptate, 2.5–12 × 2–4 μm. The conidia of specimens from China are cylindrical, 1-celled, hyaline, 5–9 × 1.5–2.5 μm, without appendages (Bai 2003, p. 122). Considering the morphology, the specimen from China belongs to Boeremia exigua.

100. Phyllosticta menthae Bresadola, Ann. Mycol., 13: 104, 1915.

→ Boeremia exigua var. exigua (Desm.) Aveskamp, Gruyter & Verkley.

Host: Scutellaria baicalensis (Lamiaceae).

Distribution: Liaoning.

Specimen: HMSAU 2451.

Notes: P. decidua (conidia cylindrical, 3–3.5 × 1.5 μm) (Ellis and Kellerman 1883), P. menthae (conidia ellipsoidal or cylindrical, 6–7 × 2–2.5 μm) (Bresadola 1915), and P. scutellariae (oblong or ellipsoidal, 5–6 × 2.5–3 μm) (van der Aa and Vanev 2002) have been described from Scutellaria spp. All these three species have been reclassified as Boeremia exigua var. exigua (Aveskamp et al. 2010). The morphology of the specimen from China (conidiogenous cells ampuliform, 5–6 × 3–4 μm, conidia ellipsoidal or cylindrical, 4–7 × 2.5–3 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages) (Bai 2003, p. 108) are essentially similar to Boeremia exigua var. exigua.

101. Phyllosticta musaechinensis S.P. Wu, Z.Y. Liu & K.D. Hyde, Phytotaxa, 188: 142, 2014.

Host: Musa sp.

Distribution: Chongqing.

Specimens: GZAAS6.1247, GZAAS6.1384.

Note: This species is an accepted Phyllosticta species with typical morphology and strong phylogenetic inference (Wu et al. 2014; ITS GenBank number: KF955294).

102. Phyllosticta murrayicola van der Aa, Studies in Mycology, 5: 71, 1973.

Host: Murraya paniculata (Rutaceae).

Distribution: Yunnan.

Specimen: HMSAU 2346.

Notes: The description of leaf spots (ochreous, with purple brownish border), pycnidia (globose or subglobose, 80–175 μm in diameter) and conidia (ovoidal, 10–12.5 × 6–8 μm) of the Chinese specimen (Bai 2003, p. 192) is in accordance with the description of type material of Phyllosticta murrayicola (van der Aa 1973).

103. Phyllosticta musarum (Cooke) van der Aa, Studies in Mycology, 5: 72, 1973.

Host: Musa spp. (Musaceae).

Distribution: Hainan.

Specimen: Not provided in literature.

Notes: Pu et al. (2008) isolated Phyllosticta species from Musa in China, and morphologically identified as P. musarum with conidia ‘1-celled, obovoidal, ellipsoidal or short cylindrical, pyriform when young, with a truncate base, broadly rounded, 15–18 × 9–10 µm’. The microscopic photographs clearly showed conidia with mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages, typical of Phyllosticta. More recent molecular studies reveal three Phyllosticta species causing freckle diseases on Musa (Glienke et al. 2011; Wang et al. 2012, Wikee et al. 2013); DNA sequence analysis is needed to determine if the Chinese specimens belong to Phyllosticta musarum.

104. Phyllosticta nigro-maculans Saccardo, Ann. Mycol. 13: 134, 1915.

→ Asteromella sp.

Hosts: Pulsatilla chinesis (Ranunculaceae), Anemone rivularis (Ranunculaceae).

Distribution: Hebei, Liaoning.

Specimens: HMSAU 2033, HMSAU 66338.

Notes: There are two P. nigro-maculans records, P. nigro-maculans Sacc. 1896 from Orchis epiphytarum and P. nigro-maculans Sacc. 1915 from Anemone nemorosa. Both have small, hyaline, cylindrical conidia, 5–6 × 1 μm and 3–3.6 × 1 μm (Saccardo 1896, 1915). The Chinese specimens had conidia ellipsoidal, hyaline, 2–3 × 1–1.5 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai 2003, p. 166), similar to an Asteromella species.

105. Phyllosticta nitidula Durieu & Mont. Syll. Gen. Sp. Crypt. (Paris): 279, 1856.

→ Asteromella sp.

Host: Lonicera japonica (Caprifoliaceae).

Distribution: Jilin.

Specimen: HMSAU 1420.

Notes: Phyllosticta alpigena has been reported from Lonicera nigra (Saccardo 1903); its conidia are 4–4.5 × 1 μm. This species has been transferred to Asteromella as A. alpigena. The Chinese record (Bai 2003, p. 64) should not be classified as Phyllosticta because of its small conidia (2–4 × 1 μm), and absence of mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages. It is likely an Asteromella species.

106. Phyllosticta osmanthi Tassi, Bull. Labor. Ort. Bot. Siena, 142, 1899.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Osmanthus fragrans (Oleaceae).

Distribution: Liaoning.

Specimen: HMSAU 2347.

Notes: The description (Bai 2003, p. 146) indicates a Phoma species, with conidia ellipsoidal, obtuse at both ends, 4–5 × 1.5–2 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages.

107. Phyllosticta osmanthicola Trichieri, Bull. Orto Bot. Napoli, 3: 4, 1911.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Osmanthus fragrans (Oleaceae).

Distribution: Taiwan.

Specimen: HMSAU 2637.

Notes: van der Aa revised this species as Phomopsis osmanthi based on the original description (Saccardo and Trotter 1931; van der Aa and Vanev 2002). The morphology of Chinese specimen is somewhat similar with the original description (long-ellipsoidal, 1-celled, hyaline, with 2 guttules, 6–8.5 × 2–2.5 μm vs. fusoid, 1-celled, hyaline, with 1–2 guttules, 7–9.5 × 2 μm without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages) (Bai 2003, p. 147), while the ampulliform, 1-celled, hyaline conidiogenous cells showed this record should be a Phoma species.

108. Phyllosticta osteospora Saccardo, Michelia, 1: 531, 1878.

Host: Fraxinus rhynchophylla (Oleaceae).

Distribution: Liaoning.

Specimen: HMSAU1982.

Notes: This species was reclassified as Asteromella osteospora by Rupprecht (1959), with average conidial size of 7.2 × 1 μm. According to the description and illustration of specimen from China, the conidia are dumb-bell-shaped, 3–6 × 0.7–1 μm, which is shorter than the type of Asteromella osteospora (Bai 2003, p. 149). This record is more likely the spermatial stage of a Phyllosticta species. Currently, there is no accepted species reported from Fraxinus spp.; therefore, more information is needed for this Chinese record.

109. Phyllosticta panax Nakata & Takimoto, in Hara, Pathologia Agriculturalis Plantarum, 5, 1921.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Panax ginseng (Araliaceae).

Distribution: Jilin.

Specimen: HMSAU 988.

Notes: Bai’s (2003, p. 55) identification of this species was based on Chi et al. (1966) and the host. The description indicated a species with conidiogenous cells ampulliform, hyaline, 6–7.5 × 4–5 μm, conidia ovoid, ellipsoidal, 1-celled, hyaline, 4–6 × 1.5–2 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages. This points to a small-spored Phoma species.

110. Phyllosticta papaya Saccardo, Malpighia 5: 274, 1891.

→ Asteromella sp.

Host: Carica papaya (Caricaceae).

Distribution: Guangdong.

Specimen: HMSAU 2461.

Notes: Both Phyllosticta papaya Saccardo and P. caricae-papayae Allesch. have been reported from Carica papaya (Saccardo 1891; Hennings 1895). The descriptions of these two species indicate they are Asteromella spp. The conidia of the specimen from China were larger than P. papaya and P. caricae-papayae (4–5 × 1.5–2 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages) (Bai 2003, p. 67). This is an Asteromella species.

111. Phyllosticta pharbitis Saccardo, Michelia, 1: 144, 1878.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Pharbitis hederacea (Convolvulaceae).

Distribution: Jilin.

Specimen: HMSAU 985.

Notes: The original description of this species indicates a Phoma sp. with conidia oblong, 6 × 2–3 μm (Saccardo 1878). The description of the specimen from China is in good accordance with the original description, with conidia 3–6 × 2–2.5 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai 2003, p. 79).

112. Phyllosticta phaseolina Saccardo, Michelia, 1: 149, 1878.

→ Boeremia exigua (Desm.) Aveskamp, Gruyter & Verkley.

Hosts: Dolichos lablab (Fabaceae), Phaseolus calcaratus, P. vulgaris (Fabaceae), Vigna sinensis (Fabaceae).

Distribution: Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Liaoning.

Specimens: HMSAU 983, HMSAU 852, HMSAU 989, HMSAU 324, HMSAU 2006, HMSAU 703, HMSAU 851.

Notes: In the original description of P. phaseolina, the conidia are oval or ellipsoidal, 6 × 2.5 μm. van der Aa and Vanev (2002) reclassified this species as Phoma exigua, which was treated as a synonym of Boeremia exigua (Aveskamp et al. 2010). The conidia of the specimen from China are ovoid or ellipsoidal, 3–6 × 2–2.5 μm (Bai 2003, p. 111); the morphology is in good accordance with Boeremia exigua.

113. Phyllosticta phellodendri Negru, in Stud. Univ. Victor babes et Bolyaik Romania, 3: 14, 1958.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Phellodendron amurense (Rutaceae).

Distribution: Jilin.

Specimen: HMSAU 1267.

Notes: Based on the original description, van der Aa (1973) indicates this species may be a Phomopsis or large-spored Phoma species with conidia ellipsoidal, hyaline, 1-celled, 8–10 × 3–3.5 μm (van der Aa and Vanev 2002). The Chinese specimen had smaller conidia lacking mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai 2003, p. 194), which points to a small-spored Phoma species.

114. Phyllosticta phlogis Vestergen, Cefv. K. Vet-Akad. Forh. Jan., 1: 37, 1897.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Phlox paniculata (Polemoniaceae).

Distribution: Liaoning.

Specimen: HMSAU 2054.

Notes: The Chinese specimen (Bai 2003, p. 157) had conidia that are 1-celled, hyaline, oval, ellipsoidal, 3–5 × 2–2.5 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages. This is a Phoma species.

115. Phyllsoticta photinica Saccardo, Michelia, 1: 276, 1878.

→ Asteromella sp.

Host: Photinia glabra (Rosaceae).

Distribution: Guizhou.

Specimen: HMSAU 2726.

Notes: No fungus described by Saccardo (conidia oblong to ovoid, hyaline or olivaceous, 2–3.5 × 0.75–1 μm) was found on the type specimen (Saccardo 1878; van der Aa and Vanev 2002). The Chinese specimen had similar-sized conidia (2–3 × 0.8–1 μm) that were hyaline, oblong to bacilliform without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai 2003, p. 181). This may be an Asteromella species.

116. Phyllosticta physaleos Saccardo, Michelia, 1: 150, 1878.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii (Solanaceae).

Distribution: Heilongjiang.

Specimen: HMSAU 151.

Notes: The Chinese specimen had conidia that were ellipsoidal, oval, 1-celled, hyaline, 5–7.5 × 2.5–3 μm (Bai 2003, p. 205), which indicates a Phoma species.

117. Phyllosticta pirina Saccardo, Michelia, 1: 134, 1878.

→ Phoma pomorum Thüm.

Hosts: Pyrus ussuriensis, Pyrus ussuriensis var. ovoidea, Pyrus serotina (Rosaceae).

Distribution: Jilin.

Specimens: HMSAU 739, HMSAU 760, HMSAU 704, HMSAU 738, HMSAU 1913, HMSAU 1133, HMSAU 1172, HMSAU 1173, HMSAU 1176, HMSAU 1175.

Notes: This species has been revised as Phoma pomorum, with conidia variable, mostly ovoid or ellipsoidal, 5–7 × 1.5–3 μm (Boerema 1976; Boerema et al. 2004). The Chinese specimens had ovoid, ellipsoidal, 1-celled, hyaline conidia that measured 4–7 × 2–3.5 μm (Bai 2003, p. 176), in good accordance with Boerema’s description.

118. Phyllosticta pisi Westendorp, Bull. Ac. Belg. Ser., 12(7):569, 1857.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Pisum sativum (Fabaceae).

Distribution: Tibet.

Specimen: HMSAU 2677.

Notes: van der Aa and Vanev (2002) considered this species as Ascochyta pisi, which has 2-celled conidia (Chilvers et al. 2009). The Chinese specimen had 1-celled conidia that are hyaline, ellipsoidal, 5–8 × 2–2.5 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai 2003, p. 124), indicating a Phoma species.

119. Phyllositcta plectranthi Koval, J. Bot. Acad. Sci. Ukr., 18(2): 76, 1961.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Plectranthus sp. (Lamiaceae).

Distribution: Liaoning.

Specimen: HMSAU 2434.

Note: The description of the Chinese specimen (Bai 2003, p. 108) indicates a Phoma species with conidia ellipsoidal, 5–7.5 × 2.5–3 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages.

120. Phyllosticta polygonorum Saccardo, Michelia, 1: 141, 1878.

→ Phoma sp.

Hosts: Fagopyrum esculentum (Polygonaceae), Polygonum orientale, P. platyphyllum, (Polygonaceae).

Distribution: Heilongjiang, Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Tibet.

Specimens: HMSAU 63, HMSAU 991, HMSAU 2664, HMSAU 1633, HMSAU 2665.

Notes: The Chinese specimens had conidia ovoid, ellipsoidal, hyaline, 4–5.5 × 2–3 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai 2003, p. 161). This represents a small-spored Phoma species.

121. Phyllosticta populina Saccardo, Michelia, 1: 155, 1878.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Populus tomentosa (Saliceae).

Distribution: Henan.

Specimen: HMSAU 1186.

Notes: Several species including Mycosphaerella populi, Asteromella sp. and Phoma sp. were observed on the type material of Phyllosticta populina (van der Aa and Vanev 2002). The Chinese specimen had conidia that are ellipsoidal, oval, hyaline, 3–6 × 2.5–3 μm (Bai 2003, p. 195), which indicates a Phoma species.

122. Phyllosticta praetervisa Bubák, Ann. Myc., 2(5):397, 1904.

Host: Tilia amurensis (Malvaceae).

Distribution: Jilin.

Specimen: HMSAU 1628.

Notes: In Bubák’s original description, the conidia are short cylindrical, straight, round at both ends, with 2 guttules, 4–5 × 1 μm (Bubák 1904). This species was later treated as a synonym of Asteromella praetervisa (Rupprecht 1957). Bai (2003, p. 209) described a fungus with conidiogenous cells ampulliform, 1-celled, hyaline, 4–6 × 2.5–4 μm, conidia bacilliform, enlarged at both ends, 4–6 × 0.7–1 μm. Both the description and sketch showed dumb-bell-shaped conidia. This species is more likely a spermatial state of Phyllosticta rather than Asteromella, but more characterization is needed to cofirm its identity.

123. Phyllosticta prinsepiae G. Z. Lu & J. K. Bai, in Yu et al., Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University, 25: 157, 1994.

Host: Prinsepia sinensis (Rosaceae).

Distribution: Liaoning.

Specimen: HMSAU 2046.

Notes: The original literature did not provide a description of this species (Yu et al. 1994); it is therefore an illegal name. The description of P. prinsepiae in Bai (2003, p. 183) indicated that the conidia of this species are fusiform or kidney-shaped, with pointed ends, 1-celled, hyaline, 6–8 × 1.5–2.5 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages. This fungus does not belong to Phyllosticta but more information is needed to confirm its identity.

124. Phyllosticta prunicola (Opiz) Saccardo, Michelia, 1: 157, 1878.

→ Phoma pomorum Thüm.

Hosts: Prunus davidiana, P. humulis, P. mandshurica (Rosaceae).

Distribution: Jilin.

Specimens: HMSAU 979, HMSAU 1980, HMSAU 1228, HMSAU 737, HMSAU 893.

Notes: The morphology of this record from China (Bai 2003, p. 183) is similar to the P. pirina record in leaf spots, pycnidia, and conidia, which most likely represents Phoma pomorum species (see note of P. pirina).

125. Phyllosticta rhamni Westendorp. Bull. Acad. Roy. Belg., 2: 26, 1857.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Rhamnus ussuriensis (Rhamnaceae).

Distribution: Liaoning.

Specimens: HMSAU 1979, HMSAU 2077.

Notes: Westendorp mistakenly described the spermatial stage of a rust fungus as Phyllosticta (van der Aa and Vanev 2002). In the Flora Fungorum Sinicorum, Bai (2003, p. 167) described a coelomycetous fungus, with conidia ovoid or cylindrical, 1-celled, hyaline, 4–7 × 3–4 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages, which indicates a Phoma species.

126. Phyllosticta rhamnicola Desmazières, Ann. Sci. Nat., 8: 32, 1847.

Host: Rhamnus dahurica (Rhamnaceae).

Distribution: Jilin.

Specimen: HMSAU 1211.

Notes: van der Aa and Vanev (2002) indicated that Mycosphaerella punctiformis and Guignardia rhamani were found on the type specimen of Phyllosticta rhamnicola, and the ‘spores’ of P. rhamnicola that Desmazières studied were the inner ascomatal cells of G. rhamani (van der Aa and Vanev 2002). In the description by Bai (2003, p. 167), the conidia are fusiform, hyaline, round at both side, and constricted in the middle, 4–6 × 1–1.5 μm; while in the illustration, the conidia are dumb-bell-shaped which is incongruent with the description. More information is needed to confirm its identity.

127. Phyllosticta rhei Ellis & Everhart, Journ. Myc., 5: 145, 1889.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Rheum officinale (Rumiceae).

Distribution: Jilin, Sichuan.

Specimens: HMSAU 992, HMSAU 2640.

Notes: Phyllosticta rhei Ellis & Everhart is a later homonym of P. rhei Roumeguère. The original description indicates the existence of septa in the conidia (Ellis and Everhart 1889). This species has been reclassified as Phoma rhei by Gruyter et al. (2002). The Chinese specimens had smaller conidia than that of Phoma rhei, and lack mucilaginous sheaths or apical appendages (Bai 2003, p. 162). This record may represent another Phoma species.

128. Phyllosticta rhododendri Westendorp, Null. Ac. Bruxell, 18:399, 1851.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Rhododendron micranthum (Ericaceae).

Distribution: Liaoning.

Specimen: HMSAU 2044.

Notes: The Chinese specimen had conidia that are 1-celled, hyaline, ellipsoidal or cylindrical, 6–7.5 × 2.5–3 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai 2003, p. 87). This indicates a Phoma species.

129. Phyllosticta ricini Rostrup, Bot. Tidsskr., 22: 266, 1899.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae).

Distribution: Jilin.

Specimen: HMSAU 705.

Notes: van der Aa and Vanev (2002) reclassified Phyllosticta ricini (conidia 6–7 × 3–4 μm) in Phoma species. The Chinese specimen (Bai 2003, p. 94) also pointed to a Phoma species but with smaller conidia, 3–5 × 2–3 μm, lacking a mucilaginous sheath and an apical appendage.

130. Phyllosticta rosicola Massalongo, Atti d. R. Istit. venedo disc. lett. ed arti, 59: 687, 1900.

→ Asteromella rosicola (C. Massal.) H. Ruppr.

Host: Rosa sp. (Rosaceae).

Distribution: Inner Mongolia.

Specimen: HMSAU 1591.

Notes: In the original description of Phyllosticta rosicola, the conidia are bacilliform, enlarged at both ends, 2.5–4 × 1 μm (Massalongo 1900). In 1959, Rupprecht transferred this species to Asteromella (Rupprecht 1959). The Chinese specimen (Bai 2003, p. 188) is morphologically concordant with Asteromella rosicola.

131. Phyllosticta roumeguerii Saccardo, Michelia, 2: 88, 1880.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Viburnum sargentii (Adoxaceae).

Distribution: Liaoning.

Specimen: HMSAU 2070.

Notes: Phyllosticta roumeguerii Saccardo and Phyllosticta roumeguerii (Saccardo) Allescher have been reclassified as Phoma exigua var. viburni and Phomopsis sp., respectively (van der Aa and Vanev 2002). The Chinese specimen (Bai 2003, p. 66) had conidiogenous cells ampulliform, 1-celled, hyaline, 5–8 × 2 μm, and conidia 1-celled, ellipsoidal, 1–3 guttules, 7–8 × 3–3.5 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages, which indicates a Phoma species.

132. Phyllosticta ruborum Saccardo, Michelia, 2: 342, 1880.

Host: Rubus phoenicolasius (Rosaceae).

Distribution: Shanxi.

Specimen: HMSAU 2710.

Notes: van der Aa and Vanev (2002) reclassified this species as Phomopsis vepris (Saccardo) Höhnel. The Chinese specimen had shorter conidia (2–4 × 1–1.5 μm) that lack mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai 2003, p. 189). This is not a Phyllosticta species, but more information is needed to confirm its identity.

133. Phyllosticta saccardoi Thümen. Contr. Myc. Lusit., 28: 48, 1880.

→ Asteromella sp.

Host: Rhododendron micranthum (Ericaceae).

Distribution: Liaoning.

Specimen: HMSAU 159.

Notes: The Chinese specimen had conidia that are 1-celled, hyaline, ellipsoidal or ovoid, 2–4 × 1–2 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai 2003, p. 87). This is likely an Asteromella species.

134. Phyllosticta sanguisorbae Cochrjakov, Not. Syst. Crypt. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. USSR, 7: 145, 1951.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Sanguisorba officinalis (Rosaceae).

Distribution: Inner Mongolia.

Specimen: HMSAU 1584.

References: Bai (2003). Flora Fungorum Sinicorum, vol. 15, pp. 178–179.

Notes: van der Aa and Vanev (2002) indicated that this species could be a Phomopsis species with conidia fusiform, 1-celled, biguttulate, 9–12 × 3–4 μm. The Chinese specimen had smaller conidia (5–7 × 2–3 μm) that are oval to ellipsoidal, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai 2003, p. 178). This is likely a Phoma species.

135. Phyllosticta sanguisorbicola G. Z. Lu & J. K. Bai, in Yu et al., Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University, 25: 157, 1994.

Hosts: Sanguisorba officinalis (Rosaceae), Agrimonia pilosa (Rosaceae).

Distribution: Liaoning.

Specimens: HMSAU 2079, HMSAU 2333.

Notes: The original literature did not provide a description (Yu et al. 1994). Phyllosticta sanguisorbicola is thus an illegal name. The Chinese specimens had conidia that are bacilliform or kidney-shaped, with round ends, 1-celled, hyaline, 3–4 × 0.5–0.7 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai 2003, p. 190), typically not a Phyllosticta species. More information is needed to confirm its identity.

136. Phyllosticta schimae Y.Y. Su & L. Cai, Persoonia, 28: 76, 2012.

Host: Schima superba (Theaceae).

Distribution: Zhejiang.

Specimen: HMAS242923 (holotype).

Note: This species is an accepted Phyllosticta species with typical morphology and strong phylogenetic inference (Su and Cai 2012; ITS GenBank number: JN692534).

137. Phyllosticta scrophulariae Saccardo, Michelia, 1: 159, 1878.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Scrophularia grayana (Scrophulariaceae).

Distribution: Jilin.

Specimens: HMSAU 1131, HMSAU 1178, HMSAU 1260.

Notes: van der Aa and Vanev (2002) studied the type material and reclassified this species as a Phoma anamorph of Didymella exigua. The Chinese specimens had conidia that are ellipsoid to cylindrical, 1-celled, hyaline, 3–7.5 × 1.5–2.5 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai 2003, p. 200), which indicates a Phoma species.

138. Phyllosticta schimicola N. Zhou et al. Fungal Biol. X: X, 2015.

Host: Schima superb (Theaceae).

Distribution: Jiangxi.

Specimens: HMAS 245575, CGMCC 3.17319, CGMCC 3.17320.

Note: This species is an accepted Phyllosticta species with typical morphology and strong phylogenetic inference (Zhou et al. 2015).

139. Phyllosticta smilacina Spegazzini, Fg. Arg. Novi v. crit., 315, 1899.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Smilax campestris (Smilacaceae).

Distribution: Shanxi.

Specimen: HMSAU 2604.

Notes: van der Aa and Vanev (2002) reclassified this species as Phomopsis brunneola, with conidia ellipsoidal, 5–8 × 2–3 μm. The Chinese specimen had similar-sized conidia that are oval to ellipsoidal, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai 2003, p. 129), and conidiogenous cells that are ampulliform, 1-celled, hyaline, 4–5 × 2–4 μm. This record is more likely a Phoma species.

140. Phyllosticta sonchi Sacc., Michelia, 1: 141, 1878.

→ Boeremia exigua (Desm.) Aveskamp, Gruyter & Verkley.

Host: Ixeris sonchifolia (Asteraceae).

Distribution: Liaoning.

Specimen: HMSAU 2351.

Notes: van der Aa and Vanev (2002) reclassified this speices as Boeremia exigua. The Chinese specimen had conidia that are 1-celled, hyaline, ellipsoidal, 6–8 × 2.5–3 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai 2003, p. 78), which is in accordance with Boeremia exigua.

141. Phyllosticta sophoricola Hollós., Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., 5: 456, 1907.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Sophora japonica (Fabaceae).

Distribution: Liaoning.

Specimen: HMSAU 2041.

Note: The description and brief sketch (Bai 2003, p. 114) indicates a Phoma species with conidia oval or ellipsoidal, 5–7 × 3–4 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages.

142. Phyllosticta sorghina Sacc., Michelia, 1: 140, 1878.

→ Phoma sorghina (Sacc.) Boerema, Dorenb. & Kesteren.

Hosts: Sorghum vulgaris, S. vulgaris var. sudanese, Panicum miliaceum (Poaceae).

Distribution: Jilin, Mongolia.

Specimens: HMSAU 657, HMSAU 844, HMSAU 706, HMSAU 853, HMSAU 801.

Notes: Phyllosticta sorghina has been reclassified as Phoma sorghina (Sacc.) Boerema, Dorenb & Kesteren (Boerema 1993). The Chinese specimens had conidia that are ellipsoidal, sometimes curved, 3–6 × 2–2.5 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai 2003, p. 103), similar to Phoma sorghina (Boerema et al. 2004).

143. Phyllosticta spermoides Peck, Rep. (Annual) Trustees State Mus. Nat. Hist., New York 40: 58, 1887.

→ Asteromella sp.

Host: Vitis amurensis (Vitaceae).

Distribution: Liaoning.

Specimen: HMSAU 1984.

Notes: The conidia of the Chinese specimen are bacilliform, 1-celled, hyaline, 3–5 × 0.8–1 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai 2003, p. 218). These characters are in agreement with Asteromella species (van der Aa and Vanev 2002).

144. Phyllosticta spuriopimpinellae G.Z. Lu & J.K. Bai, in Yu et al., Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University, 25: 157, 1994.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Spuriopimpinella brachycarpa (Apiaceae).

Distribution: Jilin.

Specimen: HMSAU 2038.

Notes: No description was provided when this species was first reported (Yu et al. 1994). In Bai’s description (2003, p. 214), the specimen has conidia that are oval, 1-celled, hyaline, 2.5–4 × 1–1.5 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages. The conidial size is remarkably smaller than typical Phyllosticta species. Based on these morphological characters, we regarded that this specimen belong to a small-spored Phoma species.

145. Phyllosticta sterculiae G. Winter, Bolm soc. Broteriana, Coimbra, Ser. 12: 54, 1884.

→ Phomopsis sp.

Host: Sterculia wallichii (Malvaceae).

Distribution: Hainan.

Specimen: HMSAU 2209.

Notes: The Chinese specimen had conidiogenous cells that are ampulliform, 1-celled, hyaline, 10–17.5 × 2.5–3.5 μm, and conidia that are fusiform or oval, with pointed ends, 5–7.5 × 2–2.5 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai 2003, p. 206). The description points to a Phomopsis species with α-conidia.

146. Phyllosticta styracicola K. Zhang & L. Cai, Mycol. Prog. 12(3), 2012.

Host: Styrax grandiflorus (Styracaceae).

Distribution: Yunnan.

Specimen: HMAS 243474 (holotype).

Note: This species is an accepted Phyllosticta species with typical morphology and well-inferred phylogeny (Zhang, Zhang, et al. 2013; ITS GenBank number: JX025040).

147. Phyllosticta syringae Westendorp, Bull. Acad. R. Sci. Belg., Cl. Sci. 18: 23, 1852.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Syringa amurensis (Oleaceae).

Distribution: Liaoning.

Specimen: HMSAU 2234.

Notes: Bresadola (1894) transferred this species to Ascochyta. According to the original description of Ascochyta syringae, the conidia are 1-septate, but the conidia of the Chinese specimen are aseptate. In addition, both in the original and later description, the conidia of Ascochyta syringae are larger than that of the Chinese specimen (8–10 × 3–3.5 μm vs. 4–7.5 × 2–2.5 μm) (Bai 2003, p. 151). The description of this record indicates a Phoma species.

148. Phyllosticta tabaci Passerini, Atti Soc. Crittogam. Ital. 3: 13, 1881.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Nicotiana tabacum (Solanaceae).

Distribution: Jilin.

Specimen: HMSAU 986.

Notes: The conidia of this record are cylindrical, ellipsoidal, 1-celled, hyaline, 4–7 × 2–3 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai 2003, p. 203). This is likely a Phoma species.

149. Phyllosticta theacearum van der Aa, Studies in Mycology, 5: 97, 1973.

→ Phyllosticta capitalensis Henn.

Host: Camellia sinensis (Theaceae).

Distribution: Shandong.

Specimen: MHQAU0192.

Notes: P. theacearum has been treated as a synonym of P. capitalensis (Baayen et al. 2002). Jin (2011) identified one isolate as P. theacearum (Jin 2011). However, no detailed description or DNA sequence was provided except an illustration of conidia. Based on the provided information, we regarded this record as P. capitalensis.

150. Phyllosticta ulmariae Thümen, Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prir., boil. 55: 229, 1878.

→ Phoma sp.

Hosts: Spiraea pubescens, S. trilobata (Rosaceae).

Distribution: Hebei.

Specimens: HMSAU 6635, HMSAU 2612.

Note: This is a Phoma species with conidia ellipsoidal, 1-celled, 4–6 × 2.5–3 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai 2003, p. 185).

151. Phyllosticta ulmicola Sacc., Michelia, 1: 158, 1878.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Ulmus macrocarpa (Ulmaceae).

Distribution: Liaoning.

Specimen: HMSAU 1532.

Notes: In Saccardo’s original description, the conidia are oblong or ellipsoidal, 6 × 3 μm, hyaline to olivaceous. It has been transferred to Microsphaeropsis (van der Aa and Vanev 2002). Bai (2003, p. 211) described a fungus with oval, ellipsoidal, hyaline conidia, 4–6 × 2–3 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages, which should be a Phoma species.

152. Phyllosticta vaccinii Earle, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 24: 31, 1897.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Vaccinium vitis-idaea (Ericaceae).

Distribution: Inner Mongolia.

Specimen: HMSAU 1627.

References: Bai 2003. Flora Fungorum Sinicorum, vol. 15, pp. 90–91.

Notes: Phyllosticta vaccinii is an accepted species according to Aa’s examination of type specimen (van der Aa 1973; van der Aa and Vanev 2002), which has recently been epitypified (Zhang, Zhang, et al. 2013). The conidial size of the ex-epitype strain is 7.5–13 × 5–7.5 μm (Zhang, Zhang, et al. 2013). Another accepted Phyllosticta species from Vaccinium sp. is P. elongata (conidial size 12 × 6 μm) (Weidemann et al. 1982). The Chinese specimen (Bai 2003, p. 90) appears to be a Phoma species with small conidia (4–8 × 2–4 μm).

153. Phyllosticta valerianae-tripteris Unamuno, Mem. R. Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat., 15: 348, 1929.

Host: Patrinia scabiosaefolia (Caprifoliaceae).

Distribution: Liaoning.

Specimen: HMSAU 2606.

Notes: This species associated with Valeriana species has been reclassified by Gruyter and Noordeloos (1992) as Phoma valerianae based on morphology. Recently, De Gruyter et al. 2013) transferred Phoma valerianae to Subplenodomus based on the phylogeny based on LSU and ITS sequences. The Chinese specimen was associated with Patrinia sp. with bacilliform or oblong, 3–4 × 1–1.5 μm conidia without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai 2003, p. 217). More information is needed to determine if this species should be reclassified as Subplenodomus valerianae.

154. Phyllosticta vesicatoria Thümen, Flora, Regensburg 61: 177, 1878.

→ Asteromella quercifolii C. Massal.

Host: Cyclobalanopsis morii (Fagaceae).

Distribution: Liaoning, Jilin, Taiwan, Tibet.

Specimens: HMSAU 2636, HMSAU 2747, HMSAU 1463, HMSAU 1530.

Notes: The Chinese specimens had conidia that measured 2–5 × 1–1.5 μm, smaller than any accepted Phyllosticta species (Bai 2003, p. 98). There are another two Phyllosticta species on Quercus sp., i.e. P. livida and P. associate, with similar conidial sizes 3 × 1 μm and 2–4 × 1 μm respectively. All of these recordes may be Asteromella quercifolii (Saccardo 1892).

155. Phyllosticta vitis Sacc., Michelia, 1: 135, 1878.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Vitis amurensis (Vitaceae).

Distribution: Jilin.

Specimen: HMSAU 2055.

References: Bai (2003). Flora Fungorum Sinicorum, vol. 15, pp. 221–222.

Notes: The only accepted Phyllosticta species described from Vitis was P. ampecilicida. P. vitis has been revised as Phoma negriana (Thümen 1878; van der Aa and Vanev 2002), with conidia broadly ellipsoidal to oblong, with 2 guttules, 4.5–8.5 × 2–4 μm. The Chinese specimen had conidia that are ovoid, ellipsoidal, 1-celled, hyaline, 3–6 × 1.5–2.5 μm (Bai 2003, p. 221). This is a small-spored Phoma species.

156. Phyllosticta zeae G. L. Stout, Mycologia, 22: 281, 1930.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Zea mays (Poaceae).

Distribution: Tibet.

Specimen: HMSAU 2675.

Notes: Phyllosticta zeae, P. hispida, P. maydis, P. sorghina and P. zeae-maydis have been recorded associated with Zea spp. These species have been reclassified as Asteromella sp., Phoma zeae-maydis, Epicoccum sorghi, or Phoma sp. (van der Aa and Vanev 2002). The Chinese specimen had conidia that were hyaline, 1-celled, ellipsoidal, 4–7 × 2–2.65 μm (Bai 2003, p. 100), which are morphologically similar to that of P. zeae G.L. Stout (Stout 1930) and Phoma zeae-maydis Sawada (Sawada 1959). Both may belong to Phoma (Punithalingam 1990).

157. Phyllosticta zingiberi Hori, in Hara, Z. S. B., 438, 1930.

→ Phoma sp.

Host: Zingiber officinale (Zingiberaceae).

Distribution: Guangdong.

Specimen: HMSAU 2203.

Notes: The Chinese specimen had conidia that are ellipsoidal or oval, 1-celled, hyaline, 5–6 × 2.5–3 μm, without mucilaginouse sheaths and apical appendages (Bai 2003, p. 222). This indicates a Phoma species.

158. Phyllosticta zizyphi Thümen, Hedwigia 19: 180, 1880.

→ Microsphaeropsis sp.

Host: Ziziphus jujuba (Rhamnaceae).

Distribution: Liaoning.

Specimen: HMSAU 2040.

Notes: In the original description of P. zizyphi, Thümen did not indicate whether the conidia were hyaline or pigmented (Thümen 1880). In van der Aa and Vanev’s (2002) re-description, the conidia of P. zizyphi were given as broadly ellipsoidial, 1-celled, hyaline, 4–6 × 2–3 μm. The Chinese specimen had conidia that were oval or ellipsoidal, 1-celled, hyaline or brown, 5–7.5 × 3–4.5 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai 2003, p. 170). This record was more likely a Microsphaeropsis species.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Funding Statement

This work was financially funded by NSFC [31322001]. Dr. Roger G. Shivas acknowledges NSFC [31110103906] for supporting his academic visit to China.

Acknowledgement

Ms. Fang Liu is thanked for technical assistance.