Table 3.
Risk of renal cell carcinoma in relation to measured blood pressure and body mass index, overall and by race, 2005–2008a
| Overall | White | Black | Hispanic | Asian/Pacific Islander | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. Cases/No. Controls |
OR (95% CI) | No. Cases/No. Controls |
OR (95% CI) | No. Cases/No. Controls |
OR (95% CI) | No. Cases/No. Controls |
OR (95% CI) | No. Cases/No. Controls |
OR (95% CI) | Pintb | |
| Measured blood pressurec | |||||||||||
| Normal or pre-hypertensiond | 376/2748 | 1.0 | 261/1867 | 1.0 | 26/203 | 1.0 | 48/421 | 1.0 | 37/239 | 1.0 | |
| High blood pressure | 187/987 | 1.4 (1.1–1.7) | 117/676 | 1.2 (1.0–1.5) | 22/106 | 1.9 (1.0–3.6) | 36/131 | 2.3 (1.4–3.7) | 11/67 | 1.1 (0.5–2.4) | 0.08 |
| Pint = 0.4e | Pint = 0.02e | Pint = 0.7e | |||||||||
| Measured blood pressure (categorical)f | |||||||||||
| Normald | 107/853 | 1.0 | 69/586 | 1.0 | 7/51 | 1.0 | 19/141 | 1.0 | 12/67 | 1.0 | |
| Pre-hypertension | 269/1895 | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) | 192/1281 | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) | 19/152 | 0.8 (0.3–2.2) | 29/280 | 0.7 (0.4–1.3) | 25/172 | 0.8 (0.4–1.7) | |
| High blood pressure, stage 1 | 131/693 | 1.4 (1.1–1.9) | 82/485 | 1.3 (0.9–1.9) | 12/62 | 1.5 (0.5–4.4) | 31/93 | 2.1 (1.1–4.2) | 5/47 | 0.6 (0.2–2.0) | |
| High blood pressure, stage 2 | 56/294 | 1.5 (1.0–2.1) | 35/191 | 1.5 (1.0–2.4) | 10/44 | 1.7 (0.6–5.1) | 5/38 | 0.8 (0.2–2.5) | 6/20 | 1.6 (0.5–5.0) | 0.07 |
| Pint = 0.8e | Pint = 0.01e | Pint = 0.4e | |||||||||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | |||||||||||
| <25d | 101/797 | 1.0 | 67/552 | 1.0 | 4/37 | 1.0 | 12/79 | 1.0 | 16/121 | 1.0 | |
| 25–29.9 | 185/1263 | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) | 127/883 | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | 16/85 | 1.7 (0.5–5.8) | 24/193 | 0.8 (0.4–1.8) | 16/92 | 1.4 (0.6–3.2) | |
| 30–34.9 | 125/768 | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) | 88/518 | 1.2 (0.9–1.8) | 10/78 | 1.4 (0.4–5.2) | 21/135 | 1.0 (0.5–2.3) | 6/35 | 1.8 (0.6–5.4) | |
| 35+ | 110/422 | 1.7 (1.2–2.3) | 69/269 | 1.6 (1.1–2.4) | 13/56 | 2.0 (0.6–7.5) | 21/78 | 1.5 (0.7–3.6) | 6/14 | 4.2 (1.1–15.9) | >0.9 |
| Pint = 0.8e | Pint = 0.9e | Pint = 0.9e | |||||||||
Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using conditional logistic regression models. Analyses of measured blood pressure were adjusted for smoking and diabetes, and analyses of body mass index were adjusted for hypertension, smoking, and diabetes.
P-value for an overall test of interaction by race.
High measured blood pressure was defined as systolic pressure ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic pressure ≥90 mm Hg (8).
Reference category.
P-value for a test of interaction compared with whites.
Measured blood pressure was defined as follows: normal, systolic pressure <120 mm Hg and diastolic pressure <80 mm Hg; pre-hypertension, systolic pressure 120–139 mm Hg or diastolic pressure 80/89 mm Hg; stage 1 high blood pressure, systolic pressure 140–159 mm Hg or diastolic pressure 90–99 mm Hg; stage 2 high blood pressure, systolic pressure ≥160 mm Hg or diastolic pressure ≥100 mm Hg (8).