Abstract
Differences in susceptibility to infection of most mononuclear phagocytes with HIV-1 are not known. We investigated the relative susceptibility of autologous freshly isolated blood monocytes (MN), MN cultured in vitro to allow differentiation (CM), and alveolar macrophages (AM) from healthy subjects to productive infection with HIV-1. Cells were infected with the macrophage tropic strain HIV-1JR-FL and p24 gag antigen levels measured in supernatants by ELISA. Freshly isolated MN had negligible levels of p24 in supernatants. In contrast AM had peak p24 levels of 4145 +/- 1456 pg/ml, mean +/- SE, and CM 9216 +/- 3118. As a measure of entry and extent of reverse transcription, levels of viral DNA in infected mononuclear phagocytes were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The data using primers that amplify all transcripts including incompletely formed reverse transcripts indicated that differences in entry of the virus may contribute to differences in virus production observed with MN, AM, and CM. Other primer pairs that detect intermediate and full-length double-stranded DNA showed that the ability to complete reverse transcription was similar among these mononuclear phagocytes. Since the lung is a major site of opportunistic infection and noninfectious complications in HIV-1-infected individuals, this increase in productive infection with HIV-1 in AM compared with MN could contribute to the immunopathogenesis of the lung disorders seen in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Full text
PDF







Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Armstrong J. A., Horne R. Follicular dendritic cells and virus-like particles in AIDS-related lymphadenopathy. Lancet. 1984 Aug 18;2(8399):370–372. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(84)90540-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chayt K. J., Harper M. E., Marselle L. M., Lewin E. B., Rose R. M., Oleske J. M., Epstein L. G., Wong-Staal F., Gallo R. C. Detection of HTLV-III RNA in lungs of patients with AIDS and pulmonary involvement. JAMA. 1986 Nov 7;256(17):2356–2359. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Folks T., Kelly J., Benn S., Kinter A., Justement J., Gold J., Redfield R., Sell K. W., Fauci A. S. Susceptibility of normal human lymphocytes to infection with HTLV-III/LAV. J Immunol. 1986 Jun 1;136(11):4049–4053. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gartner S., Markovits P., Markovitz D. M., Kaplan M. H., Gallo R. C., Popovic M. The role of mononuclear phagocytes in HTLV-III/LAV infection. Science. 1986 Jul 11;233(4760):215–219. doi: 10.1126/science.3014648. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gendelman H. E., Narayan O., Kennedy-Stoskopf S., Kennedy P. G., Ghotbi Z., Clements J. E., Stanley J., Pezeshkpour G. Tropism of sheep lentiviruses for monocytes: susceptibility to infection and virus gene expression increase during maturation of monocytes to macrophages. J Virol. 1986 Apr;58(1):67–74. doi: 10.1128/jvi.58.1.67-74.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gendelman H. E., Narayan O., Molineaux S., Clements J. E., Ghotbi Z. Slow, persistent replication of lentiviruses: role of tissue macrophages and macrophage precursors in bone marrow. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Oct;82(20):7086–7090. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.20.7086. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gendelman H. E., Orenstein J. M., Martin M. A., Ferrua C., Mitra R., Phipps T., Wahl L. A., Lane H. C., Fauci A. S., Burke D. S. Efficient isolation and propagation of human immunodeficiency virus on recombinant colony-stimulating factor 1-treated monocytes. J Exp Med. 1988 Apr 1;167(4):1428–1441. doi: 10.1084/jem.167.4.1428. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Griffin G. E., Leung K., Folks T. M., Kunkel S., Nabel G. J. Activation of HIV gene expression during monocyte differentiation by induction of NF-kappa B. Nature. 1989 May 4;339(6219):70–73. doi: 10.1038/339070a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ho D. D., Rota T. R., Hirsch M. S. Infection of monocyte/macrophages by human T lymphotropic virus type III. J Clin Invest. 1986 May;77(5):1712–1715. doi: 10.1172/JCI112491. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kazazi F., Mathijs J. M., Foley P., Cunningham A. L. Variations in CD4 expression by human monocytes and macrophages and their relationships to infection with the human immunodeficiency virus. J Gen Virol. 1989 Oct;70(Pt 10):2661–2672. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-70-10-2661. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Koenig S., Gendelman H. E., Orenstein J. M., Dal Canto M. C., Pezeshkpour G. H., Yungbluth M., Janotta F., Aksamit A., Martin M. A., Fauci A. S. Detection of AIDS virus in macrophages in brain tissue from AIDS patients with encephalopathy. Science. 1986 Sep 5;233(4768):1089–1093. doi: 10.1126/science.3016903. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Koyanagi Y., Miles S., Mitsuyasu R. T., Merrill J. E., Vinters H. V., Chen I. S. Dual infection of the central nervous system by AIDS viruses with distinct cellular tropisms. Science. 1987 May 15;236(4803):819–822. doi: 10.1126/science.3646751. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Koyanagi Y., O'Brien W. A., Zhao J. Q., Golde D. W., Gasson J. C., Chen I. S. Cytokines alter production of HIV-1 from primary mononuclear phagocytes. Science. 1988 Sep 23;241(4873):1673–1675. doi: 10.1126/science.241.4873.1673. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lee H., Swanson P., Shorty V. S., Zack J. A., Rosenblatt J. D., Chen I. S. High rate of HTLV-II infection in seropositive i.v. drug abusers in New Orleans. Science. 1989 Apr 28;244(4903):471–475. doi: 10.1126/science.2655084. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mayernik D. G., Ul-Haq A., Rinehart J. J. Differentiation-associated alteration in human monocyte-macrophage accessory cell function. J Immunol. 1983 May;130(5):2156–2160. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McElrath M. J., Steinman R. M., Cohn Z. A. Latent HIV-1 infection in enriched populations of blood monocytes and T cells from seropositive patients. J Clin Invest. 1991 Jan;87(1):27–30. doi: 10.1172/JCI114981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mogensen C. E. The glomerular permeability determined by dextran clearance using Sephadex gel filtration. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 1968;21(1):77–82. doi: 10.3109/00365516809076979. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Müller H., Falk S., Stutte H. J. Accessory cells as primary target of human immunodeficiency virus HIV infection. J Clin Pathol. 1986 Oct;39(10):1161–1161. doi: 10.1136/jcp.39.10.1161-a. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Narayan O., Kennedy-Stoskopf S., Sheffer D., Griffin D. E., Clements J. E. Activation of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus expression during maturation of monocytes to macrophages. Infect Immun. 1983 Jul;41(1):67–73. doi: 10.1128/iai.41.1.67-73.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nicholson J. K., Cross G. D., Callaway C. S., McDougal J. S. In vitro infection of human monocytes with human T lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). J Immunol. 1986 Jul 1;137(1):323–329. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- O'Brien W. A., Koyanagi Y., Namazie A., Zhao J. Q., Diagne A., Idler K., Zack J. A., Chen I. S. HIV-1 tropism for mononuclear phagocytes can be determined by regions of gp120 outside the CD4-binding domain. Nature. 1990 Nov 1;348(6296):69–73. doi: 10.1038/348069a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Olafsson K., Smith M. S., Marshburn P., Carter S. G., Haskill S. Variation of HIV infectibility of macrophages as a function of donor, stage of differentiation, and site of origin. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1991;4(2):154–164. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Osborn L., Kunkel S., Nabel G. J. Tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 stimulate the human immunodeficiency virus enhancer by activation of the nuclear factor kappa B. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Apr;86(7):2336–2340. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.7.2336. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rich E. A., Panuska J. R., Wallis R. S., Wolf C. B., Leonard M. L., Ellner J. J. Dyscoordinate expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha by human blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1989 Apr;139(4):1010–1016. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm/139.4.1010. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rich E. A., Tweardy D. J., Fujiwara H., Ellner J. J. Spectrum of immunoregulatory functions and properties of human alveolar macrophages. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1987 Aug;136(2):258–265. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm/136.2.258. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Saiki R. K., Scharf S., Faloona F., Mullis K. B., Horn G. T., Erlich H. A., Arnheim N. Enzymatic amplification of beta-globin genomic sequences and restriction site analysis for diagnosis of sickle cell anemia. Science. 1985 Dec 20;230(4732):1350–1354. doi: 10.1126/science.2999980. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Salahuddin S. Z., Rose R. M., Groopman J. E., Markham P. D., Gallo R. C. Human T lymphotropic virus type III infection of human alveolar macrophages. Blood. 1986 Jul;68(1):281–284. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schnittman S. M., Psallidopoulos M. C., Lane H. C., Thompson L., Baseler M., Massari F., Fox C. H., Salzman N. P., Fauci A. S. The reservoir for HIV-1 in human peripheral blood is a T cell that maintains expression of CD4. Science. 1989 Jul 21;245(4915):305–308. doi: 10.1126/science.2665081. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tschachler E., Groh V., Popovic M., Mann D. L., Konrad K., Safai B., Eron L., diMarzo Veronese F., Wolff K., Stingl G. Epidermal Langerhans cells--a target for HTLV-III/LAV infection. J Invest Dermatol. 1987 Feb;88(2):233–237. doi: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12525402. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wiley C. A., Schrier R. D., Nelson J. A., Lampert P. W., Oldstone M. B. Cellular localization of human immunodeficiency virus infection within the brains of acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Sep;83(18):7089–7093. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.18.7089. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zack J. A., Arrigo S. J., Weitsman S. R., Go A. S., Haislip A., Chen I. S. HIV-1 entry into quiescent primary lymphocytes: molecular analysis reveals a labile, latent viral structure. Cell. 1990 Apr 20;61(2):213–222. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90802-l. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zack J. A., Cann A. J., Lugo J. P., Chen I. S. HIV-1 production from infected peripheral blood T cells after HTLV-I induced mitogenic stimulation. Science. 1988 May 20;240(4855):1026–1029. doi: 10.1126/science.2835813. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zagury D., Bernard J., Leonard R., Cheynier R., Feldman M., Sarin P. S., Gallo R. C. Long-term cultures of HTLV-III--infected T cells: a model of cytopathology of T-cell depletion in AIDS. Science. 1986 Feb 21;231(4740):850–853. doi: 10.1126/science.2418502. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]