Table 2.
Main maternal medical and perinatal outcomes in a cohort of 41 523 women who were categorised by whether they were prescribed an antipsychotic drug during pregnancy (n=1209) or not (n=40 314). Of these, 1021 antipsychotic drug users were matched 1:1 with 1021 non-users by means of a high dimensional propensity score (HDPS) algorithm
| Outcome and use of antipsychotic medication | Unmatched cohort | Matched cohort | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (%) with outcome | Relative risk (95% CI) | No (%) with outcome | Relative risk (95% CI) | Adjusted relative risk (95% CI)* | ||
| Main maternal medical outcomes | ||||||
| Gestational diabetes: | ||||||
| Non-users | 2497 (6.2) | 1.00 (referent) | 62 (6.1) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) | |
| Antipsychotic users | 93 (7.7) | 1.24 (1.01 to 1.53) | 71 (7.0) | 1.15 (0.82 to 1.61) | 1.10 (0.77 to 1.57) | |
| Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: | ||||||
| Non-users | 1409 (3.5) | 1.00 (referent) | 42 (4.1) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) | |
| Antipsychotic users | 63 (5.2) | 1.49 (1.16 to 1.92) | 48 (4.7) | 1.14 (0.76 to 1.73) | 1.12 (0.70 to 1.78) | |
| Venous thromboembolism: | ||||||
| Non-users | 4264(1.1) | 1.00 (referent) | 13 (1.3) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) | |
| Antipsychotic users | 12 (1.0) | 0.95 (0.53 to 1.68) | 12 (1.2) | 0.92 (0.42 to 2.02) | 0.95 (0.40 to 2.27) | |
| Main perinatal outcomes | ||||||
| Preterm birth (<37 weeks gestation): | ||||||
| Non-users | 4158 (10.3) | 1.00 (referent) | 146 (14.3) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) | |
| Antipsychotic users | 179 (14.8) | 1.51 (1.29 to 1.78) | 148 (14.5) | 1.01 (0.81 to 1.27) | 0.99 (0.78 to 1.26) | |
| Small for gestational age (birth weight <3rd centile): | ||||||
| Non-users | 2081 (5.2) | 1.00 (referent) | 51 (5.1) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) | |
| Antipsychotic users | 74 (6.2) | 1.20 (0.95 to 1.53) | 62 (6.1) | 1.22 (0.84 to 1.77) | 1.21 (0.81 to 1.82) | |
| Large for gestational age (birth weight >97th centile): | ||||||
| Non-users | 1029 (2.6) | 1.00 (referent) | 23 (2.3) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) | |
| Antipsychotic users | 44 (3.7) | 1.44 (1.06 to 1.96) | 36 (3.6) | 1.64 (0.96 to 2.78) | 1.26 (0.69 to 2.29) | |
*Adjusted for a prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), non-SSRI, mood stabiliser, or benzodiazepine during the index pregnancy.