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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Pain. 2015 Jun;156(6):1092–1100. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000154

Table 3.

Multilevel model examining the unique association between perceived medication side effects and pain-related activity interference

Fixed effects β SE df t p
Intercept 56.32 3.54 107 15.9 <.001
Gender 1.95 3.40 114 .58 ns
Pain intensity .47 .05 511 10.35 <.001
Negative affect .12 .04 509 3.40 <.005
Medication side effect index (MSE-I) .02 .01 499 2.07 <.05
Random effects: Covariance parameters Subject β SE z p
Intercept ID 261.09 43.73 5.97 <.001
AR (1) ID .15 .06 2.68 <.01
Residuals ID 225.49 16.24 13.88 <.001

Note. Values are from the final model. Independent variables are within-person centered. Employment status was included as a covariate. MSE-I = Medication side effect index; β = unstandardized regression coefficient; SE = Standard error; ns = nonsignificant.