Skip to main content
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy logoLink to Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
. 1973 Aug;4(2):167–177. doi: 10.1128/aac.4.2.167

Reconstitution of Colicin E2-Induced Deoxyribonucleic Acid Degradation in Spheroplast Preparations

R Almendinger 1, L P Hager 1
PMCID: PMC444523  PMID: 4598217

Abstract

Spheroplasts are insensitive to colicin E2 and do not show deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) degradation even in the presence of massive amounts of E2. However, when both endonuclease I and E2 were present, spheroplast DNA was degraded by an endonucleolytic activity which gave rise primarily to double-strand DNA cleavages, producing fragments having an average molecular weight of 9 × 106. Pancreatic ribonuclease could substitute for colicin E2 in the reconstitution system, but pancreatic deoxyribonuclease could not replace endonuclease I. However, colicin E2 could not activate transfer ribonucleic acid-inhibited endonuclease I in an in vitro system where pancreatic ribonuclease caused full stimulation.

Full text

PDF
167

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Almendinger R., Hager L. P. Role for endonuclease I in the transmission process of colicin E 2 . Nat New Biol. 1972 Feb 16;235(59):199–203. doi: 10.1038/newbio235199a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Anderson C. W., Eigner J. Breakdown and exclusion of superinfecting T-even bacteriophage in Escherichia coli. J Virol. 1971 Dec;8(6):869–886. doi: 10.1128/jvi.8.6.869-886.1971. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. BURGI E., HERSHEY A. D. Sedimentation rate as a measure of molecular weight of DNA. Biophys J. 1963 Jul;3:309–321. doi: 10.1016/s0006-3495(63)86823-x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Beppu T., Arima K. Dissociating activity of purified colicin E 2 on the isolated DNA-membrane complex of Escherichia coli. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1972 Apr 12;262(4):453–462. doi: 10.1016/0005-2787(72)90489-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Beppu T., Arima K. Dissociating activity of purified colicin E2 on the isolated membrane complex of Escherichia coli. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1970 Dec 1;219(2):512–514. doi: 10.1016/0005-2736(70)90235-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Boon T. Inactivation of ribosomes in vitro by colicin E 3 . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1971 Oct;68(10):2421–2425. doi: 10.1073/pnas.68.10.2421. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Boon T. Inactivation of ribosomes in vitro by colicin E 3 and its mechanism of action. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1972 Mar;69(3):549–552. doi: 10.1073/pnas.69.3.549. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Bowman C. M., Dahlberg J. E., Ikemura T., Konisky J., Nomura M. Specific inactivation of 16S ribosomal RNA induced by colicin E3 in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1971 May;68(5):964–968. doi: 10.1073/pnas.68.5.964. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Bowman C. M. Inactivation of ribosomes by colicin E3 in vitro: Requirement for 50 S ribosomal subunits. FEBS Lett. 1972 Apr 15;22(1):73–75. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(72)80222-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Bowman C. M., Sidikaro J., Nomura M. Specific inactivation of ribosomes by colicin E3 in vitro and mechanism of immunity in colicinogenic cells. Nat New Biol. 1971 Dec 1;234(48):133–137. doi: 10.1038/newbio234133a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Buttin G., Kornberg A. Enzymatic synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid. XXI. Utilization of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates by Escherichia coli cells. J Biol Chem. 1966 Nov 25;241(22):5419–5427. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Buttin G., Wright M. Enzymatic DNA degradation in E. coli: its relationship to synthetic processes at the chromosome level. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1968;33:259–269. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1968.033.01.030. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Cordonnier C., Bernardi G. Localization of E. coli endonuclease I. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1965 Sep 8;20(5):555–559. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(65)90434-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Fielding P. E., Lunt M. R. The relation between breakdown of superinfecting virus deoxyribonucleic acid and temporal exclusion induced by T4 and T5 bacteriophages. J Gen Virol. 1970 Mar;6(3):333–342. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-6-3-333. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Glick J. M., Kerr S. J., Gold A. M., Shemin D. Multiple forms of colicin E 3 from Escherichia coli CA-38 (col 3 , col I). Biochemistry. 1972 Mar 28;11(7):1183–1188. doi: 10.1021/bi00757a011. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Goebel W., Helinski D. R. Nicking activity of an endonuclease. I. Transfer ribonucleic acid complex of Escherichia coli. Biochemistry. 1970 Nov 24;9(24):4793–4801. doi: 10.1021/bi00826a025. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Groves W. E., Davis F. C., Jr, Sells B. H. Spectrophotometric determination of microgram quantities of protein without nucleic acid interference. Anal Biochem. 1968 Feb;22(2):195–210. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(68)90307-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Hamilton-Miller J. M. Damaging effects of ethylenediaminetetra-acetate and penicillins on permeability barriers in Gram-negative bacteria. Biochem J. 1966 Sep;100(3):675–682. doi: 10.1042/bj1000675. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Herschman H. R., Helinski D. R. Purification and characterization of colicin E2 and colicin E3. J Biol Chem. 1967 Nov 25;242(22):5360–5368. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Konisky J., Richards F. M. Characterization of colicin Ia and colicin Ib. Purification and some physical properties. J Biol Chem. 1970 Jun 10;245(11):2972–2978. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Kutter E. M., Wiberg J. S. Degradation of cytosin-containing bacterial and bacteriophage DNA after infection of Escherichia coli B with bacteriophage T4D wild type and with mutants defective in genes 46, 47 and 56. J Mol Biol. 1968 Dec;38(3):395–411. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(68)90394-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. LEHMAN I. R., ROUSSOS G. G., PRATT E. A. The deoxyribo-nucleases of Escherichia coli. III. Studies on the nature of the inhibition of endonuclease by ribonucleic acid. J Biol Chem. 1962 Mar;237:829–833. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. LEHMAN I. R., ROUSSOS G. G., PRATT E. A. The deoxyribonucleases of Escherichia coli. II. Purification and properties of a ribonucleic acid-inhibitable endonuclease. J Biol Chem. 1962 Mar;237:819–828. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. LEIVE L. A NONSPECIFIC INCREASE IN PERMEABILITY IN ESCHERICHIA COLI PRODUCED BY EDTA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1965 Apr;53:745–750. doi: 10.1073/pnas.53.4.745. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Leive L. Release of lipopolysaccharide by EDTA treatment of E. coli. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1965 Nov 22;21(4):290–296. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(65)90191-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Leive L., Shovlin V. K., Mergenhagen S. E. Physical, chemical, and immunological properties of lipopolysaccharide released from Escherichia coli by ethylenediaminetetraacetate. J Biol Chem. 1968 Dec 25;243(24):6384–6391. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Leive L. Studies on the permeability change produced in coliform bacteria by ethylenediaminetetraacetate. J Biol Chem. 1968 May 10;243(9):2373–2380. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. McGrath R. A., Williams R. W. Reconstruction in vivo of irradiated Escherichia coli deoxyribonucleic acid; the rejoining of broken pieces. Nature. 1966 Oct 29;212(5061):534–535. doi: 10.1038/212534a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Melgar E., Goldthwait D. A. Deoxyribonucleic acid nucleases. I. The use of a new method to observe the kinetics of deoxyribonucleic acid degradation by deoxyribonuclease I, deoxyribonuclease II, and Escherichia coli endonuclease I. J Biol Chem. 1968 Sep 10;243(17):4401–4408. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. NOMURA M. MECHANISM OF ACTION OF COLICINES. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1964 Dec;52:1514–1521. doi: 10.1073/pnas.52.6.1514. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Neu H. C., Ashman D. F., Price T. D. Effect of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane on release of the acid-soluble nucleotide pool and on breakdown of ribosomal ribonucleic acid in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1967 Apr;93(4):1360–1368. doi: 10.1128/jb.93.4.1360-1368.1967. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Neu H. C., Heppel L. A. The release of enzymes from Escherichia coli by osmotic shock and during the formation of spheroplasts. J Biol Chem. 1965 Sep;240(9):3685–3692. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Nossal N. G., Heppel L. A. The release of enzymes by osmotic shock from Escherichia coli in exponential phase. J Biol Chem. 1966 Jul 10;241(13):3055–3062. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Obinata M., Mizuno D. Mechanism of colicin E2-induced DNA degradation in Escherichia coli. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1970 Feb 18;199(2):330–339. doi: 10.1016/0005-2787(70)90076-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Osumi Y., Maeda A. Inactivation of ribosomes by a factor induced by colicin E3. J Biochem. 1972 May;71(5):911–914. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a129844. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Paoletti C., LePecq J. B., Lehman I. R. The use of ethidium bromide-circular DNA complexes for the fluorometric analysis of breakage and joining of DNA. J Mol Biol. 1971 Jan 14;55(1):75–100. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(71)90282-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. REEVES P. THE ADSORPTION AND KINETICS OF KILLING BY COLICIN CA42-E2. Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci. 1965 Apr;43:191–200. doi: 10.1038/icb.1965.18. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Reid P., Speyer J. Rifampicin inhibition of ribonucleic acid and protein synthesis in normal and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-treated Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1970 Oct;104(1):376–389. doi: 10.1128/jb.104.1.376-389.1970. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Revel H. R., Luria S. E. DNA-glucosylation in T-even phage: genetic determination and role in phagehost interaction. Annu Rev Genet. 1970;4(0):177–192. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ge.04.120170.001141. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Ringrose P. S. Interaction between colicin E2 and DNA in vitro. FEBS Lett. 1972 Jun 15;23(2):241–243. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(72)80351-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Ringrose P. Sedimentation analysis of DNA degradation products resulting from the action of colicin E2 on Escherichia coli. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1970 Aug 8;213(2):320–334. doi: 10.1016/0005-2787(70)90040-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. STUDIER F. W. SEDIMENTATION STUDIES OF THE SIZE AND SHAPE OF DNA. J Mol Biol. 1965 Feb;11:373–390. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(65)80064-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Sadowski P. D., Warner H. R., Hercules K., Munro J. L., Mendelsohn S., Wiberg J. S. Mutants of bacteriophage T4 defective in the induction of T4 endonuclease II. J Biol Chem. 1971 May 25;246(10):3431–3433. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Senior B. W., Holland I. B. Effect of colicin E3 upon the 30S ribosomal subunit of Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1971 May;68(5):959–963. doi: 10.1073/pnas.68.5.959. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Smarda J. Some problems of the immediate action of colicines on susceptible bacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (Bethesda) 1965;5:345–348. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. Stonington O. G., Pettijohn D. E. The folded genome of Escherichia coli isolated in a protein-DNA-RNA complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1971 Jan;68(1):6–9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.68.1.6. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. Swift R. L., Wiberg J. S. Bacteriophage T4 inhibits colicin E2-induced degradation of Escherichia coli deoxyribonucleic acid. I. Protein synthesis-dependent inhibition. J Virol. 1971 Sep;8(3):303–310. doi: 10.1128/jvi.8.3.303-310.1971. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  48. Voll M. J., Leive L. Release of lipopolysaccharide in Escherichia coli resistant to the permeability increase induced by ethylenediaminetetraacetate. J Biol Chem. 1970 Mar 10;245(5):1108–1114. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  49. Von Hippel P. H., McGhee J. D. DNA-protein interactions. Annu Rev Biochem. 1972;41(10):231–300. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.41.070172.001311. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  50. Wickner R. B., Hurwitz J. DNA replication in Escherichia coli made permeable by treatment with high sucrose. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1972 Apr 14;47(1):202–211. doi: 10.1016/s0006-291x(72)80029-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  51. Wright M. Mutants of Escherichia coli lacking endonuclease I, ribonuclease I, or ribonuclease II. J Bacteriol. 1971 Jul;107(1):87–94. doi: 10.1128/jb.107.1.87-94.1971. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES