Table 3.
Effect of Vitamin C/E Supplementation on Fetal Outcomes by Smoking Status
| Outcome | Smoker Placebo (n =763 ) | Smoker Vitamins (n =788 ) | Non- Smokers Placebo (n =4213 ) | Non- Smoker Vitamins (n = 4205) | Smokers | Non-Smokers | B-D Test* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Relative Risk (95% CI) | Relative Risk (95% CI) | p-Value | |||||
| Preterm Birth (<32 wks) | 49/763 (6.4%) | 32/788 (4.1%) | 124/4213 (2.9%) | 117/4205 (2.8%) | 0.63 (0.41,0.98) | 0.95 (0.74,1.21) | 0.11 |
| Preterm Birth (<37 wks) | 106/763 (13.9%) | 83/788 (10.5%) | 420/4213 (10.0%) | 430/4205 (10.2%) | 0.76 (0.58,0.99) | 1.03 (0.90,1.17) | 0.046 |
| Small for Gest. Age (<3rd%) | 22/734 (3.0%) | 30/766 (3.9%) | 110/4138 (2.7%) | 103/4129 (2.5%) | 1.31 (0.76,2.24) | 0.94 (0.72,1.22) | 0.28 |
| Small for Gest. Age (<10th%) | 88/734 (12.0%) | 116/766 (15.1%) | 438/4138 (10.6%) | 446/4129 (10.8%) | 1.26 (0.98,1.63) | 1.02 (0.90,1.16) | 0.14 |
| NICU Admissions | 94/761 (12.4%) | 82/785 (10.4%) | 463/4200 (11.0%) | 495/4196 (11.8%) | 0.85 (0.64,1.12) | 1.07 (0.95,1.21) | 0.13 |
| Neonatal Morbidity | 31/732 (4.2%) | 29/764 (3.8%) | 127/4129 (3.1%) | 141/4120 (3.4%) | 0.90 (0.55,1.47) | 1.11 (0.88,1.41) | 0.44 |
| Neonatal Composite Outcomes | 227/761 (29.8%) | 230/782 (29.4%) | 1043/4194 (24.9%) | 1086/4190 (25.9%) | 0.99 (0.85,1.15) | 1.04 (0.97,1.12) | 0.54 |
*
Breslow-Day Test for Homogeneity comparing smokers to non-smokers