Table 1.

Physiological perturbations after concussion and proposed clinical correlates.

Post-TBI pathophysiology	Acute symptom / clinical correlate
Ionic flux	Migraine headache, photophobia, phonophobia
Energy crisis	Vulnerability to second injury
Axonal injury	Impaired cognition, slowed processing, slowed reaction time
Impaired neurotransmission	Impaired cognition, slowed processing, slowed reaction time
Protease activation, altered cytoskeletal proteins, cell death	Chronic atrophy, development of persistent impairments