TLR2-mediated signal transduction by metHb, LTA and metHb + LTA. (a) NF-κB activation by metHb, LTA and metHb + LTA in HEK293 cells expressing hTLR2-HA and TLR9. (b) IL-8 secretion from HEK293 cells expressing hTLR2-HA induced by metHb, LTA or metHb + LTA complex. (c) Phosphorylation of ERK and p38 in HEK293 cells expressing hTLR2 treated with metHb, LTA or metHb + LTA complex. Data are representative of at least 3 independent experiments with similar results. §P < 0.05, dose dependency by regression analysis. * vs control, P < 0.05 by two-tailed Student's t-test.