Figure 4b:

Obstructed lymphatic flow results. (a) Lymphatic flow curves for a representative healthy 31-year-old male volunteer with unilateral cuff steno-occlusion of lymphatic fluid (pressure, 60 mmHg) (top) and for a 60-year-old female patient with stage II lymphedema secondary to unilateral breast cancer mastectomy (bottom). In healthy subjects and patients, a delay in lymphatic arrival times on the affected side relative to the unaffected side is observed. Additionally, multiple arrival times are found, consistent with multiple afferent vessels delivering lymphatic water to the node. (b) Ratio of lymphatic flow velocity in the unaffected arm to that in the affected arm was significantly higher (1.24 ± 0.18, P < .005) in the six impaired subjects when compared with lymphatic velocity ratio in the left arm to that in the right arm in healthy subjects shown in Figure 3 (0.9124 ± 0.08). Red line represents the median, while the box represents the 25th and 75th percentiles. Error bars indicate the extreme values measured in this data. Dashed line represents the line of unity indicating identical lymph velocity in both arms. * * =P < .005.